Electronic Commerce: Definitions, Categories, Business Models, and Benefits, Appunti di Inglese Giuridico

Scarica Electronic Commerce: Definitions, Categories, Business Models, and Benefits e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese Giuridico solo su Docsity! E-Commerce © 2008 PEARSON PRENTICE HALL, ELECTRONIC COMMERCE 2008, EFRAIM TURBAN, ET AL. Learning Objectives 1. Define electronic commerce (EC) and describe its various categories. 2. Describe and discuss the content and framework of EC. 3. Describe the major types of EC transactions. 4. Describe the digital revolution as a driver of EC. 5. Describe the business environment as a driver of EC. 1-2 Electronic Commerce: Definitions and Concepts EC can be defined from these perspectives: ◦ Business process ◦ Service ◦ Learning ◦ Collaboration ◦ Community 1-5 Electronic Commerce: Definitions and Concepts e-business A broader definition of EC that includes not just the buying and selling of goods and services, but also servicing customers, collaborating with business partners, and conducting electronic transactions within an organization 1-6 Electronic Commerce: Definitions and Concepts Pure versus Partial EC ◦ EC can take several forms depending on the degree of digitization 1. the product (service) sold 2. the process (e.g., ordering, payment, fulfillment) 3. the delivery method 1-7 Electronic Commerce: Definitions and Concepts Internet versus Non-Internet EC ◦ Most EC is done over the Internet, but EC also can be conducted on private networks, such as value-added networks, local area networks, or on a single computerized machine ◦ Non-Internet EC includes the use of mobile handwriting-recognition computers used by field reps to write their notes in the field 1-10 Electronic Commerce: Definitions and Concepts electronic market (e-marketplace) An online marketplace where buyers and sellers meet to exchange goods, services, money, or information 1-11 Electronic Commerce: Definitions and Concepts interorganizational information systems (IOSs) Communications systems that allow routine transaction processing and information flow between two or more organizations intraorganizational information systems Communication systems that enable e-commerce activities to go on within individual organizations 1-12 The EC Framework, Classification, and Content EC applications are supported by infrastructure and by these five support areas: ◦ People ◦ Public policy ◦ Marketing and advertisement ◦ Support services ◦ Business partnerships 1-15 The EC Framework, Classification, and Content Classification of EC by the Nature of the Transactions or Interactions ◦ business-to-business (B2B) E-commerce model in which all of the participants are businesses or other organizations 1-16 The EC Framework, Classification, and Content business-to-consumer (B2C) E-commerce model in which businesses sell to individual shoppers e-tailing Online retailing, usually B2C business-to-business-to-consumer (B2B2C) E-commerce model in which a business provides some product or service to a client business that maintains its own customers 1-17 The EC Framework, Classification, and Content business-to-employees (B2E) E-commerce model in which an organization delivers services, information, or products to its individual employees collaborative commerce (c-commerce) E-commerce model in which individuals or groups communicate or collaborate online consumer-to-consumer (C2C) E-commerce model in which consumers sell directly to other consumers 1-20 The EC Framework, Classification, and Content peer-to-peer (P2P) Technology that enables networked peer computers to share data and processing with each other directly; can be used in C2C, B2B, and B2C e-commerce e-learning The online delivery of information for purposes of training or education e-government E-commerce model in which a government entity buys or provides goods, services, or information from or to businesses or individual citizens 1-21 The EC Framework, Classification, and Content exchange A public electronic market with many buyers and sellers exchange-to-exchange (E2E) E-commerce model in which electronic exchanges formally connect to one another for the purpose of exchanging information 1-22 Digital Revolution Drives EC digital economy An economy that is based on digital technologies, including digital communication networks, computers, software, and other related information technologies; also called the Internet economy, the new economy, or the Web economy 1-25 Digital Revolution Drives EC EXHIBIT 1,5 Some Characteristics of the D al Revolution Area Description Globalization Global communication and collaboration; global electronic marketplaces. Digital system From TV to telephones and instrumentation, analog systems are being converted to digital ones. Speed A move to real-time transactions, thanks to digitized documents, products, and services. Many business processes are expedited by 90 percent or more. Information overload Although the amount of information generated is accelerating, intelligent search tools can help users find what they need. Markets Markets are moving online. Physical marketplaces are being replaced by electronic markets; new markets are being created, increasing competition. Digitization Music, books, pictures, and more (see Chapter 2) are digitized for fast and inexpensive distribution. Business models and processes New and improved business models and processes provide opportunities to new companies and industries. Cyberintermediation and no intermediation are on the rise. Innovation Digital and Internet-based innovations continue at a rapid pace. More patents are being granted than ever before. Obsolescence The fast pace of innovation creates a high rate of obsolescence. Opportunities Opportunities abound in almost all aspects of life and operations. Fraud Criminals employ a slew of innovative schemes on the Internet. Cybercons are everywhere. Wars Conventional wars are changing to cyberwars. Organizations Organizations are moving to digital enterprises. Business Environment Drives EC The Business Environment ◦ The business environment impact model ◦ Business pressures ◦ Organizational response strategies 1-27 EC Business Models business model A method of doing business by which a company can generate revenue to sustain itself 1-30 EC Business Models Six elements of a business model include descriptions of: 1. Customers to be served and the company’s relationships with these customers including customers’ value proposition 2. All products and services the business will offer 3. The business process required to make and deliver the products and services 4. The resources required and the identification of which ones are available, which will be developed in house, and which will need to be acquired 5. The organization’s supply chain, including suppliers and other business partners 6. The revenues expected (revenue model), anticipated costs, sources of financing, and estimated profitability (financial viability) 1-31 EC Business Models revenue model Description of how the company or an EC project will earn revenue value proposition The benefits a company can derive from using EC 1-32 Online direct marketing Electronic tendering systems. Name your own price Find the best price Affiliate marketing Viral marketing Group purchasing Online auctions Product and service customization Electronic marketplaces and exchanges Information brokers (informediaries) Bartering Deep discounting Membership Value-chain integrators Value-chain service providers Supply chain improvers Social networks, communities, and blogging Direct sale by manufacturers Negotiation 1-35 Typical EC Business Models EC Business Models tendering (bidding) system Model in which a buyer requests would-be sellers to submit bids; the lowest bidder wins name-your-own-price model Model in which a buyer sets the price he or she is willing to pay and invites sellers to supply the good or service at that price 1-36 EC Business Models affiliate marketing An arrangement whereby a marketing partner (a business, an organization, or even an individual) refers consumers to the selling company’s Web site viral marketing Word-of-mouth marketing in which customers promote a product or service to friends or other people 1-37 Benefits and Limitations of EC Benefits to ◦ Organizations ◦ Consumers ◦ Society Limitations ◦ Technological ◦ Nontechnological 1-40 Social and Business Networks social networks Web sites that connect people with specified interests by providing free services such as photo presentation, e-mail, blogging, etc. Business-oriented networks are social networks whose primary objective is to facilitate business 1-41 The Digital Enterprise digital enterprise A new business model that uses IT in a fundamental way to accomplish one or more of three basic objectives: reach and engage customers more effectively, boost employee productivity, and improve operating efficiency. It uses converged communication and computing technology in a way that improves business processes 1-42