Scarica descrizione sintetica di James Joyce e dubliners e più Schemi e mappe concettuali in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! JAMES JOYCE
LIFE:
James Jovce was born in Dublin in 1882. He was educated at Jesuit schools,
including University College, in Dublin. Here he studied French, Italian and
German languages and literatures and English literature. Some ot the writers he
admired most during his university years were Dante, considered his "spirtual
food"; D'Annunzio, whose lyrical prose he found remarkable.
Joyce believed Ihat the only way to increase Ireland's awareness was by
offering a realistic portrait of its lite rom a European, cosmopolitan viewpoint.
determined to tum his beck on Ireland and establish nimsel? on the continent
he spent some fime in Paris, but his mother's fatal illness in 1903. brought him
baek te Dublin. In .une 1904 he met and fellinlove with Nora Bamacle. They
moved ta Italy, setling in Trieste where Joyce began teaching English and
made friends with Italo Svevo. Apart from a short period during which he
worked as a bank clerk in Rome, they and their two children, Giorgio and
Lucia, remained in Trieste until 1915.
The years in Trieste were difficull, filed with discppointment, trustration, due to
his daughter's schizophrenia, and financial problems, so that Joyce had to rely
heavily on his brother. He published in this periodi Dubliners [1914), a collec'ior
of short stories about Dublin and Dublin's life. In 1914 Joyce he moved to Zurich
together with his family, since his position as a British national in Austrian:
occupied Trieste left him no altemative. Joyce returmed to Trieste afler the war,
but in 1920 he settled in Paris. By the time, Hitlers advances in Europe obliged
the Joyce to flee from France to neulral Switzerland where he died in January
1941.
DUBLINERS:
The origin of the collection:
The collection corisists ol fitteen short stories, about Dubliners, Ihey disclose
human situations, moments of intensity and move to a moral, social, or spiritual
revelation.
From Ihe beginning he thought the stories should portray some characieristic
situations, which could reveal the historical. social and psychological forces
that conditioned ihe life of Dubliners to lead them to so much moral and
psychological analysis.
He described his work as "a chapter in the moral history of my country, the
centre of paralysis".
The stories are aranged into four groups, as Joyce explaired:
Chilchood (The Sister, an Encounter, Araby)
Adolescence (Eveline, After the race, Two gallants, The Boarding House)
Mature Life (A Little Cloud, Ccunterparis, Clay, A Painful case)
Public Life Ivy Dey in the Committee Room, A Mother, Grace)
The Dead is a longer story and can be consicered Joyce's first maslerpiece.
Joyce's conception of the artist:
Influenced by Flaubert, Joyce thought that the artist, free from all moral,
religious or Political pressures, cught to be not omniscient sut invisible in his
works, in the sense that he mustn't express his own viewpoint in order fo give
back lo the readers a true image oi society.
Symbolism in Dubliners:
Moreover, Joyce' realism.is combined wilh symbolism. since external details
generally have a deeper meaning.
This sense comes out Ihroughi the use cf the Epiphany, a sudden spiritual
marifestation caused by a song. a photo or by particular situation, by which
the character comes to a sel-realisation about himself or abou: the reality
surrounding him.
One of the best examples of Epiphany can be found in ‘The Dead", he last of
the stories in "Dubliners'.
Gretta Conroy, in fact, cries listening to a sorg sung by Michael Furey, who
died for her love when he was just seventeen.
This leads Gabriel, Gretta's husband, lo realize Ihe lutility of the lives
surrounding him and the fact that Gretta has always compared him to
Michael Furey.
Paralysis in Dubliners:
Another important ineme faced in Dubliners.is Faralysis, whose centre is Dublin,
Allthe Dubliners, in fact, are spiritually weak and fearful people.
They are slaves of their familiar, moral, cultural, religious, ano political life.
