Scarica British Authors Orwell & Beckett: Life & Literary Works e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! George Orwell Eric Blaire was born in 1903, as a small child, we was taken to england by his mother. He attended at a preparatory school, St Cyprian’s, in Eastbourne and then at Eton college. He could not stand the lack of privacy, the humiliating punishments, the pressure to the values of english public school tradition. At Eton he began to develop an indipent-minded personality, indifferent to accepted values, and professes atheism and socialism. When he gratuated he serve in burma for the india imperial police. Back in london he started a social experiment, he wearing second-hand clothes, living in lodging houses, seeking the company of down and out. After a period in Paris he change his in name in George Orwell and start to publish his work. His first work was down and out in paris and london then Burmese Days a book based on his time in the colonial service. In The road to wigan pier Orwell talk about the conditions of mines, factory workers and unemployed in the industrial of north. In 1936 Orwell and his wife went to Catalonia to report on the Spanish civil war. He recolled ths experience in ‘homage to catalonia’. Once back in England they adopted a child and called him Richard. Eileen died after an operating in 1945. when the second world war broke out he moved to london and joined the BBC, broadcasting cultural and politic programmes to India. In 1945 he published Animal farm, and in 1949 Nineteen Eighty-Four, his masterpiece. He diedi in the following year for turbecolosis. Orwell was indebted to Charles Dickens for his choice of social themes, the use of realistic and factual language, he conveyed a vision of human fraternity and of the misery caused by poverty and deprivation. He presented a devasting critique to the totalitarism and warning against the violantion of liberty and helping his readers to recognise tyranny in all its forms Ninteen Eighty- Four. The novel described three world: Oceania, Eurasia, Eastasia. The oppressive world of Oceania is ruled by ‘The party’ led by the ‘Big Brother’ and is in continuosly at war with the two others states. The party introduced a ‘new speak’ in order to control people’s lives. The new speak is a language of limited number of words and the free though is forbidden. Also sex, and any expression of individuality are forbidden. Winston Smith created a diary in which he expresses his thought and memories addressing them to the future generations. At the ministry of thruth he met a dark.haired girl, julia. He though that she is a spy of the party and will prove him of his diary. But also julia had rebellius attitude and they begin in a secret affair. One day o’brien summons them to his luxury flat and depicted the party, told to julia and winston that he work against it as a member of brotherhood. o’brien giving a book of the manifesto of brotherhood to winston but while him and julia reading it, the soldiers arrested them. o’brien was a spy of the party and tortures and brainwashed winston for months. At last winston is sent in the ‘room 101’ in which is forced to confront his worst fear: the rats oh his head ready to eat his face. Once he got back in outside world he didn’t love anymore julia and loved the party. Ninteen Eighty-four is a dystopian novel, ehich describe a nightmarish society in order to aware the readers of their conditions. In this novel there is a description of terrible and squalid london. Orwell represent a terrible image of a future controlled by ‘the big brother’ in a society in which love, expression of inviduality and are forbidden. Also free thought is forbidden through a new language create by ‘the party’, called ‘newspeak’, whose lexis are very limited and people could not express their ideas. Orwell used the name Winston because it refers to Winston Chruchill, who showed great courage during the second world war indeed Winston is the last man to hope in a happy ending in a totalitarism society. The surname ‘Smith’ is udes beacuse there is a common english surname. SAMUEL BECKETT Samuel Beckett was born in 1903 in Dublin. He attend a boarding school then the trinity college in dublin. He moved to paris and he wrote most of his work first in french and then in english. He became his literary career first as a short- story writer and a novelist but his reputation was famous for his plays.
