Educazione civica (inglese), Appunti di Inglese

Scarica Educazione civica (inglese) e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! INGLESE CONTESTO STORICO The most important law that Italy had until the second world war (1939-1945) was the statuto albertino. Thanks to the war there was the passage from the monarchy of Savoia’s family to the republic. In fact in 1946 the population was asked to choose by a referendum the form of government that they prefered. The republic prevailed with only two millions votes on the monarchy and the statuto albertino was abolished. The first president of Italian republic was Enrico Denicola. He, as all the other presidents that arrived later, must be older than 50 years old and remained in power for 7 years, but he can be chosen for more mandates. In these times people became overage at 21 years old and in 1946 all the people could vote, also women. The constitution is the founding document of a State and the Italian constitution was born out of the values of democracy, antifascism and freedom. (struttura della costituzione) DICHIARAZIONE DI INDIPENDENZA England had been making a colonial empire from the times of Elizabeth 1, but there was a revolution called American revolution that broke out in 1773 with the episode called ironically boston tea party and finished in 1783, the year of theTreaty of Versailles. In these times the king of England was George 3 who imposed a lot of taxes on colonies, but there was a rebellious of colonies and so the english government abolished all the taxes except the one on tea. for this reason some men of the colonies went on the english ships and threw into water a lot of boxes of tea. In addition the 13 colonies didn’t feel any affections to England, because the people who lived there didn’t come only from England, but also from other countries. So the fact of the affections, the fact of the distance and the fact that they didn’t have any political right because in english parlament there were no representatives of the American colonies brought to the war and then also to the declaration of independence. the war between the colonies, helped by France, and the mother country was lost by England and the colonies became states. Now they have the power to declare war and to make pece, to make alliances and to traffic with other countries. It is the first time that people speak about happiness in the declaration of independence and in this text the word happiness is repeated two times. We can find some important values like freedom, independence, safety, happiness and equality. The last one is a nobility because in America there was any aristocracy on the contrary to o of other countries, in fact they were citizens of the same county and they were on the same level differently from the past where George 3, the government and the english people considered them inferior. 12 ARTICOLI COSTITUZIONE ITALIANA The first 12 articles of the Italian Constitution describe the fundamental principles on which all other articles are based. They refer to popular sovereignty, democracy, equality of everybody before the law, freedom of people and the importance of work. 1 In this article we can find the democratic principle that means the participation of the citizens in the life of the state. The republic was voted during the referendum in 1946 and now there is a democracy that is representative but also indirect, because the citizens have the right to elect a party which has the task to vote for the president, nevertheless sometimes the population has to take a decision, for example with a referendum where a person can vote “yes” or “no”. There is also the labor principle, because our constitution is based on work and the popular sovereignty because the consent of the citizens is very important. 2 in this article there are the fundamental rights of people with whom they can speak about their ideas and they can affirm their freedom and independence 3 In the first part we can find the formal equality, which that is the fact that everybody is equal before the law without any distinction of sex, race, language, political opinions and personal and social conditions. Instead, the second part is based on substantial equality, which that means that all the people are equal, but they are different for social and economic characteristics that can limit their freedoms. In fact if a person is born with economic problems (for example with low income ) or physical problems (or mental problems ,) starts from a condition of disadvantage. So the state has the task to delete obstacles to achieve substantial equality. The welfare state is a model of state typical of democratic systems in Europe that gives a lot of forms of assistance. For example it gives some laws that promote lower incomes (like redundancy fund cassa integrazione (non so come si dice in inglese) ), pensions or funds founding for the elderly or disabled. 4 This article recognizes the right of work, because all the people have to have the possibility to work and to realize their dreams,so the state has the duty to help the people. but the work is also a duty because across the worx people can also help the progress of the society. In Italy if you want to open an activity you must already have a capital, but in America it is more easy because the state helps you and then you have to give back the money that you have received. example of Bastianich. 7 It speaks about the independence of the state and of the church. Before 1870 the state and the church had a lot of problems and they heated each other, but in 1929 Mussolini decided to stipulate Lateran Pacts to have the consent of the catholic people to the fascism regime. If the government wants to change these pacts it can without changing the constitution. Now Italy doesn't have a religion of state, in fact all the people can profess the religion they want to.