Scarica English Grammar Rules: Articles and Quantifiers e più Dispense in PDF di Lingua Inglese solo su Docsity! English Grammar Part 2 Lingua Inglese B2 CLA - Universita’ degli Studi di Palermo Cdl Scienze della Formazione Primaria Anno accademico 2019-2020 I SEMESTRE Docente: Prof.Francesca Machì 1. Shall ‘Shall’, che è una forma di ‘will’, si usa solo con le prime persone nella forma interrogativa. Si usa per offrire di fare qualcosa (con ‘I’) o fare una proposta (con ‘we’). 1) ‘Shall I start?’ significa ‘comincio?’, ‘vuoi che io cominci?’ o ‘devo cominciare?’ 2) ‘Shall we start?’ significa ‘vogliamo cominciare?’ o ‘cominciamo?’ A che ora vogliamo partire domani? b) Ci serve del pane per stasera. Lo prendo io o lo prendi tu? c) Comincia a fare freddo – vuoi che chiuda la finestra? d) Andiamo in vacanza con la macchina tua o con la mia? e) “Devo ripetere?” “No, puoi continuare.” •What time shall we leave tomorrow? • b) We need some bread for this evening. Shall I get it or will you? •c) It’s getting cold – shall I close the window? • d) Shall we go on holiday in your car or in mine? •e) “Shall I repeat?” “No, you can go on.” 3. Articles – Rules of Thumbs We do not use any article •Belonging to Institutions School/ hospital/ university/ sea ( meaning the Navy)/prison •Meals She came for lunch / We have Breakfast •With Time expressions Next week/ last Year/ on Sunday/ at six o’clock •With Home, Work and Bed We go to bed/ I get Home / She left work •With Proper Nouns of People and Places Sherwood forest is in Britain •Before a Consonant we use ‘a’ a book / a t-shirt / a cup •Before words that starts with ‘aspirated h’ we use ‘a’ a House / a hat/ a headache / a Horse •Before vowels we use ‘an’ an egg •Before the silent ‘h’ an hospital/ 4. Quantifiers Are words that « determine « a noun telling something about quantity ALL- ANOTHER- ANY – SOME- BOTH- EACH- EITHER/NEITHER- ENOUGH – FEW/A FEW/ FEWER- LITTLE/LESS/ A LITTLE – MANY- MORE- MUCH- NO- SEVERAL- A LOT OF• When we use them: • Before nouns: some thoughts • Before adjectives + Nouns : many enterprising people • Before adverb +adjective+nouns: any very good ideas • We can use them with : affirmative/ negative or questions • Formality : How formally we are speaking or writing can effect our choice of determiner: • Formal Style Neutral or Informal Style • Much interest was shown A lot of interst was shown • They made little progress They didn’t make much progress 4. Quantifiers : Examples Some ( Unstressed) •To suggest an indefinite quantity but not a large amount: I taught them some vocabulary •To introduce new information: She’s got some money Some ( Stressed) • The stressed some can suggest a restricted or limited quantity ot type of something I like SOME music •We use Stressed Some in question and negative and affermative •We use Stressed some to emphasize that a precise odentity is itrrilevant . In this case the noun that follows is always singular : I spoke SOME idiot in your front office ANY: We use it before plural or uncountable nouns: •In question to ask the existence of something ( quantity s unimportant) Is there any fruit in the fridge •After negative forms of the verb to indicate the non- existence of something: I won’t bring any wine •We can use NO instead of any . In formal and written English we tend to prefer NO to NOT ….ANY as the subject of the verb: No Students offered to help with the cleaning ( instead of Not any strudents helped……) •Any suggests an unrestricted quantity or unlimited choice: I don’t like any wine / You can take any book
