Encastellation in Italy, Temi di Elementi di storia dell'arte ed espressioni grafiche

Scarica Encastellation in Italy e più Temi in PDF di Elementi di storia dell'arte ed espressioni grafiche solo su Docsity! Encastellation 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AesgRREuCQI 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Li33U-0vdw8 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PejJGGJKZiw Encastellation is the process whereby the feudal kingdoms of Europe became dotted with castles, from which local lords could dominate the countryside of their fiefs and their neighbours', and from which kings could command even the far-off corners of their realms. The castle is the icon of the Middle Ages. The process was rather quick. However, it took different forms in different lands. The methods and reasons of encastellation differed based on law , necessity , and geography . The stone castle originated probably in the north of France in the tenth century. Castles in Italy In the north, the castles were originally the seats of the barons. They spread quickly after the disruption of royal authority in Italy in the mid-tenth century. By the eleventh century the landscape of Tuscany was dotted by the castles. With the rise of the city-states after the collapse of Tuscan power in the early twelfth century, the powerful merchant families began to construct fortress and towers as residences in the cities. In Rome, encastellation led to the fortifying of the ancient monuments which had fallen into disuses, such as the Arch of Constantine and the Colosseum. These fortresses were usually in the hands of one of the powerful lay families, but sometimes of the popes. In the Mezzogiorno, Lombards built many castles. Indeed, the nominally Byzantine duchies of Gaeta, Naples, and Amalfi grew around what were originally small coastal fortresses. The arrival of the Normans, adept castle-builders, in the early eleventh century only exacerbated the tendency toward fortification of every hilltop. Together with the Prince of Salerno, they subdued Calabria and encastellated its mountainous territory, leading to the inevitable invasion of Sicily.