English Phonetics: Rhoticity, Consonant Sounds, and Allophones, Dispense di Linguistica Inglese

Scarica English Phonetics: Rhoticity, Consonant Sounds, and Allophones e più Dispense in PDF di Linguistica Inglese solo su Docsity! Session 5 Prof. Marta Degani ENGLISH LANGUAGE 1 A Rhotic vs. non-rhotic accents verte arie ei memi mine an Non: thotic — Rhotic (Scottish English) [ia] beer {bio] [bi:r] [co] bear [bea] [be:r] [uo] tour [tua] [twr] [x] four [fo] [fo:r] [3] burn [b2:n] [barn] Exercise on the classification of consonant sounds  For each of the following labels provide the correct IPA symbol and a word that starts with that sound: Voiced palatal approximant Voiceless post-alveolar fricative Voiced alveolar nasal Voiced labio-dental fricative Voiced velar stop Voiceless (inter)dental fricative Voiced alveolar lateral approximant In each of the words in Table 4.5 there is an error in the transcription of the consonant sounds. Identify the error and provide the correct version. A ...00Orrect versions added (a) (b) (€) (d) ©) (f) (8) (h) D) strength crime wishing wives these hijacking yellow thesis extra chop streng0] craim] wish] waivs] 0i:z] haija&kin] jellou] di:sis] extra] chop] stren0] kraim] wifin] waivz] di:z] haidzekin] jelou] Oi:sis] [ekstra] tfop] Manner of articulation: central vs. lateral  Which is the route of the airstream as it passes out through the oral cavity?  Central: air passes though the center of the tongue  Lateral: air passes over the sides of the tongue  Little test:  Make the /s/ but instead of breathing out, breathe in  the centre of the tongue should feel cold as the air passes over it (central sound)  Make the /l/ and, as above, breath in  the sides of the tongue should feel cold (lateral sound)  What do you notice?  /l/ is the only lateral sound in English  /l/ is a ‘voiced alveolar lateral liquid’ (term ‘lateral’ is needed to distinguish it from the voiced alveolar liquid) Englishes: differences in the phonemic system e Scottish English: ® /x/ voiceless velar fricative e<lock> vs <loch> e/lok/ vs /lox/ e Northern British English: ® /M/ voiceless labio-velar fricative e <which> vs <witch> e/M Itf/ VS / wItf/ x  Englishes: differences in the phonemic system © Irish English: ® Lack of distinction btw alveolar stops and their fricative equivalents o /0/ It 3 Ità e /d/ {dl d /d/ e Then, den /den/ (homophones) e New Zealand English: ® /io/ /ee/ 3 /io/ ® Here, hair /hto/ (Homophones) ® IVhy not hair? (name of a hair saloon) x  The phoneme /p/ & its realizations Underlying phoneme Ip/ ZTX Realisations = [p"| Db 0 Where? Svlk-initial Syll-final After /s/ Elsewhere Example: pin nip spin nipper Phoneme & allophones  The phonetic realizations of the /p/ phoneme depend crucially on context  Each of the realizations of /p/ can only occur in that specific environment and nowhere else  predictable  Predictable realizations of underlying phonemes are called allophones The phoneme /t/ & its allophones Phoneme it} TX Allophones [o [Ir] Di [i] Environment Syl-initial Syll-final After /s/ —Elsewhere Example: tin nit stun natter