Phrasal Verbs: Significato e utilizzo di espressioni verbali composte in italiano, Appunti di Inglese

Scarica Phrasal Verbs: Significato e utilizzo di espressioni verbali composte in italiano e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! PHRASAL VERBS: • Phrasal Verb = a verb which is followed by one preposition that changes its meaning • We often use verbs with: in / out / on / off / up / down / away / back / by / through / about / along / over / forward / round or around → These are phrasal verbs • We often use on/off/out etc. with verbs of movement [Example: get on / drive off / come back / turn round] • Often the second word (on/off/out etc.) gives a special meaning to the verb • Sometimes a phrasal verb has an object. Usually there are two possible positions for the object. [Example: I turned on the light. OR I turned the light on. (the light is the object)] → But if the object is a pronoun (it/them/me/him etc.), only one position is possible [Example: I turned it on. (not I turned on it)] VERB + IN: (in = into a room, a building, a car etc.) • get in o = entrare • let someboby in o = fare entrare • dive in o = tuffarsi • move in o = traslocare • check in (in areoporto, INVECE in hotel sia check in che check out) o = registrare / registrarsi • drop in o = visit somebody at home without arranging to do this [Example: I dropped in to see Chris on my way home.] o TO DROP = far cadere VS DROP IN = andare a vedere qualcuno senza preavviso • join in o = take part in something that is already going on [Example: They were playing cards, so I joined in.] o TO JOIN = unire VS JOIN IN = unirsi a qualcuno che sta già facendo l’attività • plug in (an electrical machine) o = connect it to the electricity supply [Example: The fridge isn’t working because you haven’t plugged it in.] o = attaccare all’elettricità • take somebody in o = deceive somebody [Example: The man said he was a policeman and I believed him. I was completely taken in.] o = ingannare qualcuno • fill in (a form, a questionnaire etc) [UK] (*) o = write the necessary information on a form [Example: Please fill in the application form and send it to us by 28 February] o = completare, compilare VERB + OUT: (out = out of a room, a building, a car etc.) (out = not burning, not shining) • check something out o = guardare quell’oggetto • rub out (UK) o = cancellare • run out (of something) o = aver finito qualcosa [Example: We ran out of petrol on the motorway. (= we used all our petrol)] o run out (da solo) invece vuol dire correre fuori • sort something out o = find a solution to, put in order [Example: There are a few problems we need to sort out.] o TO SORT = classificare VS SORT OUT = sistemare, mettere in ordine • turn out (to be…) / turn out (good/nice etc.) / turn out (that…) o = sembrava in un modo mentre era in un altro (tipo un plot twist) [Example: Nobody believed Paul at first, but he turned out to be right. (= it became clear in the end that he was right)] • try out (a machine, a system, a new idea etc.) o = test it to see if it is OK [Example: The company is trying out some new software at the moment.] o TO TRY = provare VS TRY SOMETHING OUT = fare un tentativo per vedere se funziona VERB + ON: (on and off for lights, machines etc.) (verb + on = continue doing something) (on come rafforzativo) • put something on o = accendere qualcosa • go on o = happen [Example: What’s going on? (= what’s happening)] o = star succedendo o = continue [Example: The party went on until 4 o’clock in the morning.] o = continuare • go on / carry on (doing something) o = continue doing it [Example: We can’t go on spending money like this.] o = continuare un’azione • go on with / carry on (with something) o = continue it [Example: Please carry on with what you’re doing.] o = continuare • put on (clothes, glasses, make-up, a seat belt etc.) o = indossare (vestirsi) [Example: My hands were cold, so I put my gloves on.] o MA put on weight = get heavier [Example: I’ve put on two kilos in the last month.] • try on clothes (to see if they fit) o = provare dei vestiti [Example: I tried on a jacket in the shop, but it didn’t look right.] • keep on doing (or keep doing) something o = do it continuously or repeatedly [Example: He keeps on criticising me. It’s not fair! (or He keeps criticising me.)] o = fare qualcosa continuamente o ripetutamente • drive on / walk on / play on o = continue driving / walking / playing etc. [Example: Shall we stop at this petrol station or shall we drive on to the next one?] o = continuare a guidare / camminare / giocare… • get on o = progress [Example: How are you getting on in your new job? (= How is it going?)] o = progredire, avanzare • get on (with somebody) o = have a good relationship [Example: Richard gets on well with his neighbours. They’re all very friendly.] o = andare d’accordo • get on with something o = continue something you have to do, usually after an interruption [Example: I must get on with my work. I have a lot to do.] o = continuare qualcosa che devi fare, solitamente dopo un’interruzione VERB + OFF: (on and off for lights, machines etc.) (off = away from a person or place) (off come rafforzativo) • call something off o = cancel it [Example: The concert in the park had to be called off because of the weather] o = cancellare qualcosa • take off o = prendere il volo • put something off, put off doing something o = delay it [Example: The election has been put off until January.] o = posticipare • take off (clothes, glasses etc.) o = togliersi di dosso (svestirsi) [Example: It was warm, so I took off my coat.] • be off (to a place) o = andarsene a / in… [Example: Tomorrow I’m off to Paris. (= I’m going to Paris)] • walk off / run off / drive off / ride off / go off o similar to walk away / run away etc. [Example: Anna got on her bike and rode off.] o = camminare via / correre via… (ma c’è un rinforzo, è come se la persona fosse arrabbiata, ecco la differenza con away) • set off o = start a journey [Example: We set off early to avoid the traffic. (= We left early)] o = partire • take off o = leave the ground (for planes) [Example: After a long delay, the plane finally took off.] o = decollare • fix up (a meeting etc.) o = arrange it [Example: We’ve fixed up a meeting for next Monday.] o = stabilire • grow up o = become an adult [Example: Amy was born in Hong Kong but grew up in Australia.] o GROW = crescere VS GROW UP = diventare maturo • bring up a child o = raise, look after a child [Example: Her parents died when she was a child and she was brought up by her grandparents] o = crescere, badare ad un bambino • clean up / clear up / tidy up o = make something clean, tidy etc. [Example: Look at this mess! Who’s going to tidy up? (or … to tidy it up)] o tidy = organizzare / clean = pulire / clear = fare spazio o = pulire / riordinare… • wash up o = wash the plates, dishes etc. after a meal [Example: I hate washing up. (or I hate doing the washing-up.)] o = pulire i piatti (UK) [VS wash / do the dishes (USA)] • end up somewhere / end up doing something etc. o = finire in un posto / finire a fare qualcosa (è un risultato) [Example: There was a fight in the street and three men ended up in hospital.] • give up o = stop trying, give something up = stop doing it [Example: Don’t give up. Keep trying!] o = smettere, abbandonare di fare qualcosa • make up something, be made up of something o = essere composto da [Example: Children under 16 make up half the population of the city. (= half the population are children under 16)] • take up space or time o = use space or time [Example: Most of the space in the room was taken up by a large table.] o = usare spazio o tempo • turn up / show up o = arrive, appear [Example: We arranged to meet David last night, but he didn’t turn up.] o = farsi vedere, arrivare, apparire (improvvisamente) • use something up o = use all of it so that nothing is left [Example: I’m going to make soup. We have a lot of vegetables and I want to use them up.] o = consumarlo, usare tutto un qualcosa finché non ce n’è più • bring up a topic etc. o = introduce it in a conversation [Example: I don’t want to hear any more about this. Please don’t bring it up again.] o = introdurre un qualcosa in una conversazione (lo tiro fuori io) (*) • come up o = be introduced in a conversation [Example: Some interesting things came up in our discussion yesterday.] o = essere, venire introdotto in una conversazione (è venuto lui fuori da solo) (*) • come up with (an idea, a suggestion etc.) o = produce an idea [Example: Sarah is very creative. She’s always coming up with new ideas.] o = produrre, avere un’idea • make something up o = invent something that is not true [Example: What Kevin told you about himself wasn’t true. He made it all up.] o =inventarsi qualcosa di non vero • cheer up o = be happier, cheer somebody up = make somebody feel happier [Example: You look so sad! Cheer up!] o = rallegrarsi, rallegrare qualcuno • save up for something / to do something o = save money to buy something [Example: Dan is saving up for a trip to New Zealand.] o SAVE = risparmiare VS SAVE UP = risparmiare soldi per qualcosa • clear up o = become bright (for weather) [Example: It was raining when I got up, but it cleared up later.] o = schiarire (per il tempo) • blow up o = explode, blow something up = destroy it with a bomb etc. [Example: The engine caught fire and blew up.] o = esplodere, far esplodere qualcosa • tear something up o = tear it into pieces [Example: I didn’t read the letter. I just tore it up and threw it away.] o TEAR = strappare VS TEAR UP = strappare qualcosa in piccoli pezzi • beat somebody up o = hit someone repeatedly so that they are badly hurt [Example: A friend of mine was attacked and beaten up.] o BEAT/ HIT = battere, picchiare, colpire (1 volta) VS BEAT UP = picchiare ripetutamente (per più volte) • break up, split up (with somebody) o = separate [Example: I’m surprised to hear that Kate and Paul have split up. They seemed very happy together.] o BREAK = rompere VS BREAK DOWN = non funzionare più VS BREAK UP = separarsi, dividersi, lasciarsi • call/phone/ring (somebody) back o = return a phone call [Example: I can’t talk to you now. I’ll call you back in ten minutes.] o = richiamare al telefono qualcuno • get back to somebody o = reply to them by phone etc. [Example: I sent him an email, but he never got back to me.] o = ricontattare qualcuno (che ti ha contattato prima) • look back (on something) o = think about what happened in the past [Example: My first job was in a travel agency. I didn’t like it much at the time but, looking back on it, I learnt a lot and it was a useful experience.] o = ripensare a qualcosa del passato • pay back money, pay somebody back o = ridare indietro dei soldi, ripagare qualcuno [Example: If you borrow money, you have to pay it back] (a pay back is similar to a revenge) • put back o PUT = mettere VS PUT BACK = rimettere qualcosa in un posto VERB + DOWN: • knock down something (building) o = buttare giù qualcosa [Example: Some old houses were knocked down to make way for the new shopping centre] • be knocked down (by a car etc.) o = venire abbattuto, buttato giù [Example: A man was knocked down by a car and taken to hospital.] • blow (something) down o = buttare giù qualcosa • cut (something) down o CUT DOWN SOMETHING = fare una cosa di meno VS CUT OUT SOMETHING = non fare più una cosa (*) • burn down o = be destroyed by fire [Example: They were able to put out the fire before the house burnt down.] o = bruciare • slow down (down = getting less) o = go more slowly [Example: You’re driving too fast. Slow down.] o = andare piano • calm (somebody) down o = become calmer, make somebody calmer [Example: Calm down. There’s no point in getting angry.] o = calmarsi, calmare qualcuno • cut down (on something) o = eat, drink or do something less often [Example: I’m trying to cut down on coffee. I drink too much of it.] o = fare qualcosa di meno (*) • break down o = stop working (for machines, cars, relationships etc.) [Example: The car broke down and I had to phone for help.] o BREAK = rompere VS BREAK DOWN = non funzionare più • close down / shut down o = stop doing business [Example: There used to be a shop at the end of the street. It closed down a few years ago.] o = chiudere (ad esempio un’attività lavorativa) • let somebody down o = disappoint them because you didn’t do what they hoped [Example: You can always rely on Paul. He’ll never let you down.] o = deludere qualcuno • turn somebody/something down o = refuse an application, an offer etc. [Example: I applied for several jobs, but I was turned down for all of them.] o = rifiutare qualcuno o qualcosa • write something down o = write something on paper because you may need the information later [Example: I can’t remember Ben’s address. I wrote it down, but I can’t find it.] o = scrivere qualcosa su carta perché l’informazione potrebbe servire dopo • sit down o SIT = essere seduti VS SIT DOWN = mettersi seduti (c’è movimento qui)