Scarica FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SUPPORTIVE POLICIES : IMPRENDITORIALITA' FEMMINILE E POLITICHE AL SOSTEGNO e più Tesi di laurea in PDF di Economia Aziendale solo su Docsity! FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SUPPORTIVE POLICIES Laureanda Silvia Scalzotto Mt 1105432 TABLE OF CONTENTS -Situation of Female Entrepreneurship -Reasons boosting Entreprenurship vs Obstacles -Government Intervention : The 215/92 law supportive policy -EU commission Plan 2014-2020 -Italy vs UK Reason -Desire of independence and ambition to do something new -Self employment as a solution for unemployment -Independence as freedom of time management -Result of evolution and acquisition of certain skills -Flexibility combining family and work -Take risk and test personal limits -Making a difference in their community Obstacles - market entry barrier - start up problem financial problem - access to bank loan -full nursery school is too expensive -gender bias influence the labour market -poor network connection THE 215/92 LAW Two regimes : I, II, III tenders with government management ; IV, V, VI tender regional management( not all regions participate) -The incentives were assigned between regions, based on female labour market participation. -The targets are female small enterprises -4 Types of possible projects : Start up ; Take over activity ; Innovative Project ; Real Service Acquisition . -Types of financing : non repayable fund for five tenders ; half non repayable and half subsidised rate loan for the last 2 tenders. Other parameters : Investment and occupation incentives activated for female with some grants. Control over 5 years and possible revocation of government grants if opportunistic behaviour is recognized. The IV and V tender had the same strategy of incentives and more data availability : 56° requests- more than 60% for start UP Projects, -12 th initially financed (3/4 start up) . -High revocation rate: 44% in the IV tender ( Entrepreneurship rate negatively correlate with revocation) EUROPEAN COMMISSION PLAN During 2012, In Europe there were 40,6 mln entrepreneur’s active , of whom 29% were women (11,6 mln). The percentages of women entrepreneurs of total entrepreneurs varied considerably between countries and period. The survey Flash Eurobarometer «Entrepreneurship in EU and beyond», report that in 2012 approximately 45% of Europeans wanted to start their own business (men and women). This percentage increased over the subsequent years, in fact in 2014 the bussinesswomen reached the percentage of 34,4% . However, during the last three years there was a change course, this number has been reduced by almost 10%, due to the current economic situation and the deterioration of the business prospects. WATCH LIST : - Percentage of women CEOs – 10% target - Percentage of women senior managers – 35 % target - Percentage of women on board - 30% target The European Commission declares the guidelines for female supportive policies but each state decides how to implement them . When comparing Italy with the main European countries the major differences are on the factors affecting entrepreneurial dynamic as : the role of education, the gender gap and the poor network connection. Taking into consideration UK Government, it is possible to make some evaluation about different successful projects, which are similar as form but different as contents. The most important are : Tax Free Childcare (..) ; Aspire Fund (..) ; Women Enterprise Task Force, Ambassador Network program ; Prowess (..) . Given these differences, the policy should take into account the relevance of factors affecting the nascent entrepreneurship. Specifically, in Italy governments should : - Slacken financial constraints ( for example with guaranteed funds from State ) - The control of the results are essential - Non repayable funds are subject of opportunistic behavior, so it should be restricted - Subsidize education and tutoring of new female entrepreneurs - Foster innovative business project
