Docsity
Docsity

Prepara i tuoi esami
Prepara i tuoi esami

Studia grazie alle numerose risorse presenti su Docsity


Ottieni i punti per scaricare
Ottieni i punti per scaricare

Guadagna punti aiutando altri studenti oppure acquistali con un piano Premium


Guide e consigli
Guide e consigli

Fourth Week of embryological development, Appunti di Embriologia

Fourth week of embryological development, primary and secondary neurulation and relative clinical notes.

Tipologia: Appunti

2019/2020

Caricato il 12/03/2020

emily-gallagher
emily-gallagher 🇮🇹

4

(11)

19 documenti

1 / 9

Toggle sidebar

Documenti correlati


Anteprima parziale del testo

Scarica Fourth Week of embryological development e più Appunti in PDF di Embriologia solo su Docsity! (QGRIIRXUWKZHHN\RONVDFKLJKO\UHGXFHGPRVWLQFOXGHGLQVLGH WKHHPEU\RDQGQRZSDUWRIWKHSULPLWLYHJXWV 3UHVHQFHRIVHSWXPWUDVYHUVXP )ROGLQJSULPLWLYHFDYLWLHV JXWDQGGHULYLQJVWUXFWXUHVOLYHU SDQFUHDVWKDWZLOOEXGRXWRIWKHHQGRGHUP   ,QWKHPLGSRUWLRQWKHUHLVVWLOOFRPPXQLFDWLRQWKURXJKWKH YLWHOOLQHGXFWWKDWZLOOWKHQEHLQFOXGHGLQVLGHWKLVVWUXFWXUH 7KHPRVWLPSRUWDQWWKLQJLVWKDWWKHDPQLRWLFFDYLW\ LQLWLDOO\RQ WRS DQGWKH\RONVDFFDYLW\QRZWKHDPQLRQPRYHVGRZQDQGZLOO FRPSOHWHO\HQYHORSWKHHPEU\RHPEHGGHGLQWKHDPQLRWLFIOXLGLQVLGH WKHDPQLRWLFFDYLW\ 7KHGHYHORSPHQWRIGLIIHUHQWRUJDQVLVEDVHGRQDQDOUHDG\SDUWO\ GHFLGHGSRVLWLRQ 6SHFLILFDWLRQRIWKHDUHDVIURPZKLFKWKHQHXUDOWXEHZLOOIRUP VWDUWVDOUHDG\DWWKHHQGRIIRXUWKZHHN /HIWULJKWV\PPHWU\>/LYHUWRZDUGVWKHULJKW@ :HVWDUWIURPDSULPLWLYHVWUHDNULJKWLQWKHPLGGOHFHOOVVWDUW LQYDJLQDWLQJV\PPHWULFDOO\ 2UJDQVVWDUWPRYLQJWKHUHDUHIHZWKHRULHV ,QWKHYHQWUDOSRUWLRQRIWKHQRGHIURPWKHWRSRIWKHWULODPLQDU GLVNDQGZHVHHWKHPHVRGHUP YHQWUDOSDUWRIWKHQRGH WKHFHOOV FRQWDLQFLOLDWKDWUHVHPEOHWKHSULPDU\FLOLDZHDOUHDG\WDONHG DERXW MXVWUHJDUGLQJVWUXFWXUH  1RUPDOO\LQDFLOLXPZHKDYHDW\SLFDORUJDQL]DWLRQRIFRXSOHWVRI PLFURWXEXOHVDQGRQHLQWKHPLGGOH $GGLWLRQRIPRWRUSURWHLQVDQGWKHUHDUHDOPRVWLQDOOFHOOV SULPLWLYHFLOLDZKLFKODFNWKHGRXEOHWLQWKHPLGGOHWKH\DUH XVXDOO\QRQPRWLOH 7KHQRGDOFLOLDKDYHDVWUXFWXUHWKDWUHVHPEOHWKHSULPDU\FLOLD EXWDSSDUHQWO\WKH\DUHPRWLOH 7KHODFNRIWKHGRXEOHWLQWKHPLGGOHDOORZVWKHPWRPRYH GLIIHUHQWO\LQDFLUFXODUPRWLRQ 7KLVPRYHPHQWSURFHHGVFORFNZLVHDQGLVDEOHWRPRYHIOXLG FRQWDLQLQJJURZWKIDFWRUVPDNLQJJUDGLHQWVDQGZDYHVDURXQGWKH QRGH 7KLVZRXOGPDNHJUDGLHQWVRIWKLVJURZWKIDFWRULQWKHDUHDPDNLQJ FHOOVUHVSRQGLQGLIIHUHQWDUHDV ,I\RXLPSDLUWKHPRYHPHQWRIWKHVHFLOLDWKHQWKHOHIWULJKW V\PPHWU\LVORVWWKLVLVWKHHYLGHQFHVD\LQJWKDWWKLVPRYHPHQW GHSHQGVIURPWKLVSDUWLFXODUVWUXFWXUHLWLVQRWUHDOO\FOHDUKRZ 5HOHYDQWPHFKDQLVPPRYHPHQWRIWKHQRGDOFLOLD!,PSRUWDQWIRUWKH HVWDEOLVKPHQWRIWKHOHIWULJKWV\PPHWU\ 6800$5<WK:((. &URVVVHFWLRQVKRZLQJZKDWLVKDSSHQLQJWKH\RONVDFLV FRPSOHWHO\HOLPLQDWHGDQGZKDWUHPDLQVLVLQFOXGHGLQWKH VWUXFWXUHRIWKHJXW  &KRULRQLVRUJDQL]LQJLQWKHSULPDU\YLOOLWKHRUJDQL]DWLRQRI WKHSODFHQWDLVVWDUWLQJ FLUFXODWLRQLQWKHPDWHUQDOWLVVXH HPEU\RV\VWHPRIFRPPXQLFDWLRQ   :KHQZHVWLOOKDYHWKHWULODPLQDUGLVNDQGZHVWDUWZLWKWKH PLJUDWLRQDQGLQYDVLRQRIWKHVSDFHVLQWKHLQQHUDQGRXWHUOD\HUV QRWRFKRUGDOSURFHVVIRUPHGE\WKHFHOOVWKDWLQYDJLQDWHIURPWKH (PEULRORJ\ ŵĂƌƚĞĚŞϮϮŐĞŶŶĂŝŽϮϬϭϵ Ϭϵ͗ϮϬ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ż &DUWLODJHż %RQHż ͻ 'HUPLVͻ 9DVFXODUV\VWHPͻ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ż +\SRPHUHWKH\ZLOOHORQJDWHDQGWKHODWHUDODQGYHQWUDO ZDOOLQWKHWKRUD[DQGDEGRPHQ ż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
Docsity logo


Copyright © 2024 Ladybird Srl - Via Leonardo da Vinci 16, 10126, Torino, Italy - VAT 10816460017 - All rights reserved