From the Victorian Age till the fifties (literature), Schemi e mappe concettuali di Inglese

Scarica From the Victorian Age till the fifties (literature) e più Schemi e mappe concettuali in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! INTERROGAZIONE INGLESE VICTORIAN AGE queen Victoria → regime of control + someone tasted her food + couldn’t meet father’s relatives + downstairs with someone holding her hand father King William the IV dies queen at 18 (no experience) Parliament → Tories (conservatives) → Whigs (liberals) helped by the Prime Ministers she had to sign the Parliament's decisions Albert → cousin from Germany → brilliant student she proposed to him (in love, amazing sex → 9 kids) he was in favor of reforms, revolutions 1832: first Reform Act, males of middle class voted 1871: Trade Union Act legalized trades unions 1884: third Reform Act, right to vote to all males industrial revolution + technological advances invention of steam powered machinery + power loom, reaper, hydraulic press) textile, iron, steel industries flourished railways faster, more efficient + London Underground + used to transport raw materials + people scared to use it (lose sight) + go on vacation, beach communications improved (invented telephone) printing = cheaper postage stamp → penny black invented acts to clean up towns after epidemics (tuberculosis) modern hospitals were built + organizations founded the Metropolitan Police (Bobbies) services introduced → water gas lighting paved roads, music halls, parks, shops entertainment Great Exhibition, Crystal Palace, Hyde Park, 1851 + scientific and technological developments + expansion of industry and trade + all the things created in this period + 200,000 objects from all around the world + destroyed by fire in 1936 + made of iron and glass + to show British economic supremacy + stuffed elephant, water closets, locomotives problems + overcrowded urban environment + high death rate + terrible working conditions + cholera epidemics and tuberculosis power to the middle class + interest in making money + reaching a respectable position + victorians → progressive + want discoveries + make England a democratic society but they are repressive towards pleasures, relations, private emotions believed in → hard work, good manners, education, respectability behind all of this → corruption, exploitation → Victorian Compromise → hide the unpleasant aspects of progress → veil of optimism, respectability kids had no time to play people were underfed had to work during the week (help family) most of the kids → orphans houses overcrowded no lavatories, no piped water some lives in damps and airless cellars spread of deliquency and prostitution work day = 14/16 hours CHARLES DICKENS unhappy childhood, worked in a factory novelist of cities three social levels + parochial world (low/middle class) + criminal world (murderers) + victorian middle class (respectable) was on the side of the poor caricatures (exaggerated, ridiculed) themes + family, childhood, poverty + children→corrupted by adults + innocence of kids aim + reduce social sufferings + highlights victorian controversies + miseries of prostitution + living conditions in slums + corruption in government style + rich, original + long list of objects, people + several details + suspense + adjectives in group of 3 OLIVER TWIST innocent, pure, incorruptible Poor Law Amendment + conditions in workhouses should be made worse than the worst conditions outside poverty was a consequence of laziness terrible conditions → they are inspired to improve obsessed with children permanent state of fear but, happy endings Twist → lots of changes Dickers attacked + workhouses + officials who abused the poor + social evils HARD TIMES denonciation novel (industrial society) set in Coketown (imaginary) people living and working there gap between rich/poor school runned by the Church (punishments) Mr Gradgrind → strict, close minded had to learn everything by heart → only facts eliminate every form of creativity, no imagination aim + show the dangers of allowing people to become like machines THE VICTORIAN WOMEN house —> nest of a happy family well educated children subservient wife / patriarchal husband objects from colonies ideal wife —> devoted, submissive man —> progressive, war, battle, active man to command, woman to obey those who broke the rule of chastity or marriage fidelity = outcast/fallen woman Florence Nightingale - team nurses to Crimea + reformed the military hospitals + training school for nurses women and sport + enjoy a day at the seaside + archery or croquet + x sport —> introduced knickerbockers + trips to the colonies + emigrated to america or australia + painted the countries they visited TESS OF THE D'URBERVILLES Thomas Hardy Tess Durbeyfield → poor young woman father sends her to work for Stoke d'Urberville (rich) Alec rapes Tess returns home, gives birth to a child (dies) Tess becomes a milkmaid falls in love with Angel Clare, marries him he finds out about her past and abandons her he leaves for Brazil Tess kills Alec, arrested, hanged → nature, lack of communication, fate THE BRITISH EMPIRE queen Victoria —> wide, powerful empire servant = Abdul Karim (indian) lots of pictures with him associated with photography she works, Abdul stand next to her she wants to be an example for society a familiar figure to her people propaganda + to remember her and her colonies Empire: India Sudan South Africa Burma Egypt Canada Australia New Zealand Hong Kong THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY Basil Hallward meets Dorian Gray, London Dorian→ wealthy, beautiful young man several portraits done by Basil Basil says to Lord Henry Wotton he doesn’t like the picture because expresses too much the feelings he has for him Wotton says it’s a masterpiece he celebrates beauty and youth Basil introduced Wotton to Dorian Wotton upsets Dorian with a speech about transient beauty Dorian curses his portrait thinks it will remind him of the beauty he lost in love with Sybil Vane (x her ability to act) breaks engagement New Deal—> relief and recovery dams were built, water powers—> new jobs human rehabilitation THE GREAT GATSBY Francis Scott Fitzgerald the roaring 20’ (between economic boom and big depression) optimism, freedom, celebration Jazz age + women freer, right to vote,new hairstyles, makeup, fancy dresses, music and dances prohibition → attempt to sober up the society Nick Carraway, narrator, moves to West Egg neighbor → Jay Gatsby West Egg = represent new money East Egg = more fashionable area + Daisy (Nick’s cousin)+husband Tom live Jordan Baker + Nick = love she tells him about Tom's Mistress, Myrtle Myrtle lives with her husband George Wilson Gatsby’s party → Nick meets him Jay and Daisy meet after 5 years→affair Tom confronts Gatsby about Daisy Gatsby’s car hits and kills Myrtle Daisy was driving Gatsby insists he will say it was him Tom tells Wilson Gatsby was the driver he shoots Gatsby and then himself Nick arranges the funeral (nobody comes) moves back to the MIdwest Jay Gatsby + mysterious character + son of poor farmers + self-made man + reputation important→ parties + was in the military Nick Carraway + open-minded, tolerant + observes and listens Daisy + in love with money + amoral values of the upper class themes → decline of the American Dream, social classes, love and marriage (illusion money=happiness) symbols → green light = Gatsby’s hopes and dreams → valley of ashes = desolate land, represent decay, wasteland → the eyes of TJ Eckleburg = corruption, God staring down upon and judging American society ATONEMENT by Ian McEwan 2001 set before/during WW2 Briony Tallis, 13, English girl, loves writing sister Cecilia + Robbie (housekeeper’s son) graduated University → relationship Briony misinterprets a moment (R+C) she thinks he is aggressive (male dominance) he writes a love letter (gives it to Briony) wrong version with vulgarity finds Robbie and Cecilia having sex (library) she misinterprets (thinks he ia a maniac) family dinner Briony discovers cousin Lola raped by ? Lola can’t identify the attacker Briony accuses Robbie Robbie, accused, to prison fantasy of the criminal being locked up Cecilia doesn’t speak with family five years later WW2 + Robbie released condition: he enlists the army Cecilia is a nurse C+R → letters they meet, in her break, kiss, leave each other in France→ war is going badly Robbie injured, thinks about Cecilia thinks about the reasons of Briony accusation Briony 18, became nurse in London the rapist was Paul Marshall Luc, wounded French soldier + asks B if she loves him, yes B goes to Lola and Paul’s wedding sees Cecilia and Robbie, refuse to forgive her she tries to put things right postscript + form of a diary (Briony) + facing mental decline + death + reader finds out Briony is the author + reveals Robbie died of septicaemia + Cecilia killed by a bomb novel → attempt at atonement x what she did Briony→ proud, self-confident, curious Cecilia→ loses her love, beautiful Lola→ 15, unhappy, insecure, raped themes + atonement (for her sin, destroyed R+C life) + guilt + identity (B, nurse, writer or criminal) + love and war + forgiveness (can't forgive) + role of women (educate kids, nurses→ independence, only way) ELLIS ISLAND New York—> migrations Irish, Germans, Italians, Jews, Chinese crowded uncomfortable ships immigration authorities on Ellis Island had to go through + baggage hall (leave belongings) + medical examination (quarantine) + registry room (x questions) 2% sent back hygienic conditions dreadful food very poor many people died suicide American dream opened up Statue of Liberty —> given by France symbol of hope for immigrants 46.5 meters, crown seven spikes (continents) book left hand (date declaration independence) land of hope and opportunity ON THE ROAD novel by Jack Kerouac manifesto of the beat generation freedom, drug experimentation, sexuality trips to the United States → 47-50 takes notes writes the novel from these, 36 meter roll of paper narrator = Sal Paradise college student, just divorced meets Dean Moriarty passion for drugs, alcohol, women they go to Denver, + Carlo Marx expedition to the ghost town of Central City series of expeditions meet a lot of people they wanted to go West (freer) they don’t know what they’re looking for Dean emblem of the beat generation really existed and lived Sal settles down, he changed Dean has 3 wives, not faithful Sal realizes his craziness but first he admired him themes + travel (Beat generation) + sadness (x Sal USA is sad) x people,dream,places + drugs and alcohol + criminality (anti police) + sex + friendship (Sal educated, Dean mad) + THE FIFTIES after WW2 —> most powerful nation great economic growth financial, industrial, military fields richest country cars, phones, washing machines, television consumerism university + college + government financial support radio —> music life easier, enjoyable BRICK LANE novel → Monica Ali 1985→2002 Brick Lane→ street market in London where most of Bangladeshi people live Nazneen, bangladeshi girl arranged marriage to Chanu + unattractive, much older has to move to London Hasina, her sister = rebellious, she runs away England, N. can’t work or leave the house talks with other Bangladeshi people Razia → her best friend Chanu always talks but never accomplishes son → Raquib (dies very young) letters between Hasina and Nazneen two daughters → Shahana + Bibi Chanu blames racism for his insuccess Nazneen starts working (sews) meets Karim (brings supplies) → affair haunted by guilt, mental breakdown 2001, Twin Towers manifestation anti-islam Chanu back to Bangladesh (debts) sewing business starts ice-skating independent, free characters + Nazneen (18), radical change, frustrated due the prohibitions, dream of ice skating + Chanu, always wants N. at home, serving him, leave job and became taxi driver + Karim, encourages N, using her to increase self-confidence + Hasina, wants to fight for her goals, freedom, happiness, works in a factory than becomes a prostitute themes: desire, love, immigration, identity crisis