Complex Sentences: Relative Clauses and Reported Speech, Dispense di Lingua Inglese

Scarica Complex Sentences: Relative Clauses and Reported Speech e più Dispense in PDF di Lingua Inglese solo su Docsity! B2 Blended Module Liz McIlvanney Lesson 8 Complex sentences 1 Relative clauses 2 Reported (indirect) speech IELTS Grammar Unit 20 and Unit 15 Prepositions with relative pronouns • The normal position for a preposition is at the end of the sentence He’s the man who I was talking to. That’s the house which he went to live in. Compare the more formal style He’s the man to whom I was talking. Note: after a preposition, we MUST use whom; who is NOT correct. That’s the house in which he went to live. There are two types of relative clause • ‘Defining’ or ‘identifying’ relative clauses She’s the woman who can help you. That’s the dog which bit me. (the clause identifies the woman or the dog we are talking about) • ‘Non-defining’ or ‘non-identifying’ relative clauses That woman, who is French, speaks three languages. This book, which won the Nobel prize, is brilliant. (the clause gives extra, but not essential, information about the woman or the book) Differences between the two types of relative clause • that can be used instead of who/which in DEFINING clauses (but NOT in non-defining clauses) This is the book that won the prize. That’s the woman that wrote it. • The pronoun can be omitted in DEFINING clauses when it refers to the object of the sentence This is the book (that) she gave me. That’s the woman (who) I told you about. • Commas MUST be used in NON-DEFINING clauses The novel, which has sold thousands of copies, is the author’s first book. The novel sold well, which pleased the author. Statements (affirmative or negative) • The normal pattern is reporting verb + that + noun clause She told me that she needed some help. He said that he would probably arrive late. • Note: that is not necessary and is often omitted She said she was sorry. Requests and instructions • When we report requests we use ask, and the pattern is ask someone to do / not to do something “Can you close the door?” she said = She asked me to close the door • When we report orders or instructions we use tell, and the pattern is tell someone to do / not to do something “Don’t be late!” he said = He told me not to be late Questions e Reported questions do not need an interrogative construction or question mark “Where is she from?” becomes He asked me where she was from. (NOT He asked me where was-she-from?) e For yes/no questions, use ifor whether "Is she Dutch?” He asked me if/whether she was Dutch.