Scarica Il lavoro ieri e oggi e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! WORK YERSTDAY AND TODAY
In the IXX century the industrialization was developed.People moved from country to
citywhere there were factories.Capitalism develops and the workes work in bad
condition,without hygiene,exposed to dangerous and often harmful work for health.They
also lived in dirtyovercrowded centres,polluted by factory fumes.The starvation was an
important problem of this time.In this cireumstance people were alienated,according with
the philosopher Marx,because man lost their essence and he was reduced goods like
others.To aggravate the situation the wages were too low, it was enough to mainteined
family.This proplematic issue of this period was well expleined in the novel of Charles
Dickens "Hard Times".Another problem was the child explotation in the workhouse.In 1834
with the "poor law Amendment Act",queen Victoria riformed the old Poor laws dating from
Elisabeth I, with the creation of workhouse,an istitution where lived homless,poor,orfans
ecc...and its aim was rise the level of poverty,in fact this people must work for eat, but the
condition of work were terrible and food wasn't enough for everyone;so author like Dickens
denounced this injustice through his novel "Oliver Twist".Women also must work for
menteined their family.In 1862 with the "Mines Act" the exploiment of women and children
was forbade.
Today the world of work is changing. Women got more conquest,like in 1975 with "The sex
discrimination Act" and in 1976 with the "Race Relation act'the descrimination is a crime in
the area of work,because before sex discrimination was vero common,women can't be
married because they could be fired by employers.Before the first and the second word
warwomen were only teacher,nurse or segretarie, jobs which are considered suitable for
women,but after this two big event the prospective change.As men were conscripted to
fight,women started to work for maintened their family,so in 1940 the 28% of women in USA
worked and in 1945 the level rise to 34%.The problem remained the lo waige,so in 1948
female machinists of the Ford Motor Company plant in Dagenham took strike action
wanting a pay increase to 92% of the male wages.The strike lasted 3 weeks and gained the
publicity across the country as Barbara Castle,the secretary of State for employment and
Productivity intervened.This mobilisation eventually led the introduction of equal Pay Act
1970,first legislation in the world focusing on equal pay.
Work changing also in the way of comunicate.In this year we assisted at the develop of
technology,in fact the use of tablet and phone are increase of 50% every year.Mobile
workers can work everywhere, in the road,at home, at coffeshop.They are more connected
and they should have more time for their social relathionships.In 2007 the number of mobile
workers were 600 milion,but in 2015 the number grow to 1.3 billion.However during this
years of pandemic we experiment learning distance,a way of mobile work.This method have
advantages like reduce the pollution of traffic,the costs of the strutture,the abniscence
ecc...but in my opinion this destroyed the social comunication and the relathionships that
are created in scatole.Students feel distance from their teachers,who became
strangers.Distance learning also promotes isolation,because it kill the spontaneous
atmosphere that is create in a classroom.
