Tecnologie dell'informazione e comunicazione in ambito aziendale, Appunti di Inglese

Scarica Tecnologie dell'informazione e comunicazione in ambito aziendale e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! I.T in the sectors of production: - I.T refers to the use of technology in managing and processing information, it is used in every sector now and it makes the production and sale of goods and services faster and easier. - especially in the tertiary sector the internet has revolutionized commerce and trade. It is used to carry out market research, promote and advertise products, buy and sell online and do business at a global level. - High-tech machinery are also very important for the primary and the secondary sector to analyze data, to control processes, managing human resources and financial information. E-COMMERCE electronic commerce refers to all those business activities related to iha buying and selling of products and services via electronic systems such as the internet or computer networks. It’s a contemporaneous and new kind of commerce started for the first time in 1970 when electronic fund transfer was introduced, repositioning the traditional concept of doing business. advantages: - available 24/7 , they never close - anyone with an Internet connection can access this kind of business - instant and fast transactions all over the world - it’s cost-efficient and reduces the number of middlemen(intermediari) disadvantages: - delivery time may be too long sometimes than going to a real store - online safety: some people are afraid of online fraud/scams - hesitancy of consumers because they can’t see or touch or feel the product before buying it.(FEEDBACKS) BUSINESS COMMUNICATION - VISUAL - ORAL - WRITTEN In business effective communication is vital. It may be: - Internal communication : communication within the business organization. - External communication: with someone outside the Company such as customers or suppliers. Communication requires a sender, a message and a receiver. It may be written, visual or oral depending on the type of message and the purpose of the message. The possibilities are: - Face to face communication - Telephone conversations - Memos and notes - Letters and faxes - Emails, text messages - Forms and documents - Catalogues and brochures - Sales presentation and reports - Graphs and charts WRITTEN COMMUNICATION emails Electronic mails are used for the transmission of written messages but also attachments (files, images, programs or sounds). They can be sent by anyone who has an email address. advantages: - The message can be sent at any time and anywhere in the world. - Documents of any kind ca be attached - It is an instant method of communication - You can send the same email to a lot of people all over the world. disadvantages: - e-mails can be infected by virus - You can receive a lot of junk emails. text-messages(sms) SMS stands for Short message service and it is a quick and informal way of transmitting simple and short messages. In business they are commonly used between colleagues but they have been recently replaced by applications such as whatsapp or telegram. They can be sent by anyone who has a mobile phone. advantages: - The message can be sent at any time and anywhere in the world. - It is an instant and silent method of communication disadvantages: - It can be used only in informal situations. (check pg. 37 for abbreviations commonly used in business correspondence) Elements of a business letter LIE GIL EE te Tale M (elet) Companies usually have pre-printed letter heading containing the logo (symbol ot the company), name, address, telephone and fax numbers, e-mail address and website of the company. Additional details may be the VAT (Value Added Tax), the capital of the company, the address of the Head Office, etc. By law all European Union Member States must also include the registration number. B. Reference line reference given on the letter received. Our Ref: MR/hb Your Ref: JH/en UK 17% January 20.. / 17 January 20.. . Inside address/Receiver's address Notes * When writing to an individual who is named, you use: - the titles Mr, Mrs, Miss (the title “Ms” is used for a woman when ît is not known if she is married or single) Mr Paul Parker Mrs Clare Bowen Miss Jane Benson Ms Carol Stuart - The person's position may be written below the name: Mr Paul Parker Sales Manager * When you don't know the name of the person but are writing to the holder of the job title, you use “the”: È The Sales Manager It contains the receiver's name and address. This consists of the initials of the person who signs the letter and the initials of the person who types the letter. In the case of a reply, it also contains the This should always be written in full format. There are different formats: USA January 17", 20.. / January 17, 20.. Mrs Jane Ferguson Sales Manager Gordon Optics 7 Smithford Road Swindon SN3 SAT * Before names containing words such as company, centre, and shop, you use “the”: The International Company * You use “the” also before names of institutions: The Chamber of Commerce * When writing to a partnership or company with one or more personal names, you use the title *Messrs”: Messrs John Richardson & Sons * You donît write anything with names ot companies followed by Ltd, Inc.: Horizon Travel Lid. ERIN This is usually used if you want to address the letter to a specific member of the company. Itis an alternative to addressing the letter directly to a particular person. The attention line should be easily visible — underlined or typed in capitals: Atti Mr David Dillon ATTENTION: MR DAVID DILLON ATTN: THE SALES MANAGER \  (ae liate SME] ‘opening salutation corresponds to the first line of the inside address and is followed by a comma (,). In American style Gentlemen is followed by a colon (:) Receiver Opening salutation Messrs John Richardson & Sons Dear Sirs, (USA: Gentlemen: } The Sales Manager Dear Sir/Madam, Mr Anthony Parker Dear Mr Parker, G. Subject line This focuses on what the letter is essentially about. It is usually typed centrally ‘and underlined. Order No. 465 (MS (ele) of the letter This contains all the paragraphs (usually 3 or 4) needed to express the writers communicative aims. I, Closing salutation This varies according to the opening salutation and is followed by a comma. Opening salutation Closing salutation Dear Sirs, Dear Sir/Madam, Yours faithfully, (UK) Yours truly, (USA) Dear Mr Jones, Yours sincerely, (UK). Dear Mrs/Miss/Ms Brown, Yours cordiali. / Sincerely yours, (USA) Gentlemen: (USA) Yours (very) truly, / (Very) truly yours, Dear JohnWJane, Regards, / Best wishes, S J. Signature Itis placed under the closing salutation. The name of the person who signs the letter together with the position of the person in the company are usually typed under the signature. Mark Brown (signature) Mark Brown (typed name) Sales Manager (typed position) ) This indicates the number of documents which accompany the letter. Enclosures: 2 Encls:2 Enc:brochure Enclosure: 1 catalogue reports: Is a formal written text prepared by one person or a group of people who have collected or researched information about a specific subject. It’s usually written for someone else. VISUAL COMMUNICATION graphs and charts - allow people to communicate on the move and do business from any location to do: - require good speaking and comprehension skills - when you answering a call, you should always state your own name or that of the company or your phone number + hello, good morning/afternoon - say and understand phone numbers and spell out names face-to-face communication The argument is that telephone or email communication. It’s important non-verbal cues like the tone, inflection and the volume of the voice, facial expressions, gestures and body language. Most commons forms are: - routine conversations - presentations - interviews - group meeting - video conferencing presentations They have a variety of topics and are often used in business meetings to: - present sales figures - explain a project or a plan to colleagues or customers - present a company or a product to prospective costumers