Turkey's Tourism Recovery and Challenges, Slide di Lingua Inglese

Scarica Turkey's Tourism Recovery and Challenges e più Slide in PDF di Lingua Inglese solo su Docsity! Lingua Inglese (9CFU) Prof. Gabriele Basile a.a. 2022-23 Business and Tourism articles (Read and translate) ‘Is it sensible, safe or even good taste to visit Turkey now?’ A local guide offers advice Turkey is continuing to encourage visitors to its many attractions, such as Istanbul, as it recovers from the earthquakes in the south-east. Photograph: Tony Eveling/Alamy A tour leader finds that, beyond the areas devastated by the earthquake, the country is open for business and keen that visitors keep coming Jeremy Seal (The Guardian, Tue. 28 Feb 2023) The desperate plight of those hit by the recent earthquakes in south-east Turkey and northern Syria, where the death toll now stands close to 50,000, moved many in Britain to donate towards the rescue effort. Though such displays of foreign sympathy and generosity have been widely welcomed in Turkey, there is concern that the quakes may cause tourists to reconsider their Turkish holiday plans this year. In my own case the earthquakes occurred in the week that I was to lead a winter tour of Istanbul and Cappadocia. Prior to the disaster, we had arranged for two of our guests to continue on a private tour that would have taken them right through the area destroyed by the earthquake. As a travel writer who has been leading small-group cultural tours to Turkey for a decade, I am practised at pondering the wisdom of visiting in times of Turkish trouble, regrettably frequent in this otherwise exceptional country, be it on account of Islamic or separatist terrorism, security clampdowns, civil unrest, attempted coups or refugee crises. But this was my first experience of how we should respond to a natural disaster. The question was whether it was sensible, safe or even in good taste to push on with our visit at a time of overwhelming national tragedy. Ortahisar in Cappadocia with the inactive volcano Erciyes in the background. Photograph: MehmetO/Alamy I was quick to commiserate with my contacts in Turkey, many of whom had lost friends and colleagues, and were clearly in shock. Guide, archaeologist and lecturer Yunus Ozdemir, who runs our tours, revealed that he had lost five students who had been training as tourist guides in Adiyaman, one of the worst-hit cities. Even so, he and others were clear that there was no raised danger to our guests from earthquake activity in either Istanbul or the volcanic hinterland region of Cappadocia; nor did they think our partners and suppliers there – hoteliers, drivers, guides and others – would thank us for cancelling out of respect. In the event, all 11 of our guests decided after some consultation to go ahead. Even at a time like this, our Turkish hosts proved typically hospitable – as obliging, attentive and keen as ever to serve us. That may be because Turkey’s current turmoil is also economic, with President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s unorthodox fiscal policies widely blamed for a rapidly devaluing lira and soaring prices, not least for food and other staples. And with Brits alone making 3.8 million visits to the country in 2022, Glossary:  Death toll: The number of victims resulting from a particular cause  Clampdowns: The action of making regulations and restrictions stronger  Turmoil: A state or condition of extreme confusion, agitation or commotion After Covid, the global commercial aviation fleet starts to grow again Narrowbody aircraft will make up most of the additions to the global commercial aviation fleet over the next 10 years ERIC CABANIS AFP VIA GETTY IMAGES Brian Prentice, Sam Sargent, Livia Hayes, and Carlo Franzoni (Forbes, Fri. 3 Mar 2023) The global commercial aviation fleet has finally recovered from the Covid-19 pandemic that forced thousands of aircraft into storage or early retirement. And while it took three years for the industry to rebound, the fleet is now about to start growing again. By January, the fleet reached 98% of where it stood three years ago when Covid struck. By the end of the year, it will surpass its former peak of almost 28,000 aircraft. Aviation is on a growth trajectory that will expand the fleet to over 36,000 aircraft by 2033, based on our analysis in Oliver Wyman’s recently released Global Fleet and MRO Market Forecast 2023-2033. That’s less than where we expected it to be. Before the coronavirus reset expectations, the fleet was supposed to top 39,000 aircraft in 2030. Given current growth rates, the fleet will not reach 39,000 until 2034 at the earliest — representing a loss of four years of growth. Still, with the litany of crises over the last three years — from Covid and supply chain disruptions to labor shortages and the Ukraine war — the decade’s anticipated 2.9% compound annual growth rate for the fleet is a testament to the industry’s resilience. Domestic dominance First to recover around the world were domestic, narrowbody fleets. That’s because restrictions on domestic and short-haul, cross-border travel were limited and lifted faster than controls on long-haul international travel. In the nine regions tracked by Oliver Wyman’s forecast, seven domestic fleets had recovered by the beginning of this year, including those in North America, China, India, and Eastern Europe. The domestic fleets in Western Europe and Asia Pacific (excluding China and India) will recover over the next 12 months. The domestic fleets’ rebound is good news for narrowbody aircraft, like the Airbus A320neo and Boeing’s 737 MAX. Narrowbodies are the primary choice for domestic travel because of their fuel efficiency and number of seats. They represent most of the aircraft being brought back out of storage and new planes being delivered. Oliver Wyman anticipates 20,600 new aircraft to be delivered over the next 10 years — 77% of which will be narrowbodies. While the fleets may have recaptured lost ground, demand recovery in domestic markets has trailed fleet recovery. For instance, demand — based on passenger headcount — in both North America and Europe is not likely to recover to pre- pandemic levels until later this year. In China, plagued in 2021 and 2022 with Covid outbreaks and government lockdowns, domestic demand is not expected to recover until the fourth quarter of 2024. Ironically, China’s domestic market was one of the first to rebound from the pandemic even before the end of 2020, but the subsequent outbreaks and lockdowns have caused that initial recovery to disintegrate. International segment lags International and widebody fleets, on the other hand, have been slower to return to pre-pandemic levels. By the beginning of 2023, international fleets in North America, Western Europe, and Eastern Europe had recovered to their year-end 2019 levels. These were helped by the continued strong demand for cargo and the return of those widebodies. Only China’s international fleet is expected to join them later this year. The international fleets in the Middle East, India, and Asia Pacific are expected to recover in 2024. The international fleets in Latin America and Africa will be the last to recover in 2025. That sluggish international recovery has depressed demand for widebody aircraft, such as Boeing’sBA +2.4% 787 Dreamliner and Airbus’ A350, which are used heavily for international transoceanic flying. Even so, widebody fleets have made it back to 97% of their pre-pandemic size. And there are other encouraging signs. Largely parked during the height of the pandemic, the superjumbo A380 fleet is beginning to return to service as operators like Lufthansa and Etihad Airways take them out of storage in anticipation of a busy summer 2023 international travel season. “With us being just a little bit away, there isn’t that necessity to go extortionately, raising rates and things like that, so people can afford to stay a little bit longer rather than just popping up for the night. “I think it’s quite a big opportunity because when you look at hospitality, with people coming from different countries, north Wales doesn’t pull a lot. “Everybody wants to go down to Cardiff and nobody knows that north Wales exists. “It’s great to have something as important as this up in the north Wales borders.” Elizabeth Mason hopes people will book accommodation in Wales so that they can afford to stay longer The UK is hosting Eurovision on behalf of last year’s winners, Ukraine, but Wales’ capital declined to make a bid to host it. That accolade went to Liverpool and on Wednesday 1,500 people attended a jobs fair at the conference centre next to the M&S Bank Arena where the competition will be held. Linda Usher from the DWP said Wales would feel the “two ripple effects” of job opportunities and a boost for the hospitality sector. “We’ll have customers coming in from Wales to work in the Eurovision event but also you’ve got the hotels, hospitality sectors, in north Wales itself,” she said. “So economically we’ll have [a boost] both in Merseyside and Wales, and once they go to Wales you’re hoping they’ll go back to Wales, so it’s not just the Eurovision itself.” Some hotels in north-east Wales are reporting low availability around the weekend of 13 May, but it is in the long term they can truly benefit, according to an academic from Bangor University who specialises in marketing. The UK’s Sam Ryder finished second to Ukraine in the 2022 contest GETTY IMAGES Dr Llyr Roberts believes the increased exposure for Liverpool will bring more visitors to the city, who could be persuaded to come to Wales. “Hopefully it’s in the longer term that we’ll see the real benefit as more and more people come to north-west England and hopefully realise that they can come over the border as well,” he said. Welsh influencer Iwan Steffan, who is based in Liverpool and shares his life with 100,000 followers on TikTok, is hoping to get some work from Eurovision. “I hadn’t realised just how big an event it is,” he said. “There’s going to be an Eurovision village, there’s going to be Eurovision streets, there’s going to be so many different things going on and it will be brilliant.” He is eyeing a place in the arena, but if that does not work out, he hopes to share a taste of the city with his followers. The Welsh government said it was working with VisitBritain and Eurovision 2023 to “maximise the economic benefits” of having the event “on our doorstep”. It added: “As well as encouraging visitors to extend their Eurovision trip in Liverpool and visit Wales as well in May, Visit Wales will be making the most of future opportunities that arise from the increased awareness of what the UK and Wales in particular, can offer to visitors.” Glossary:  Ripple effect: A situation in which one event produces effects which spread and produce further effects  Popping up: Appering  Accolade: A mark of acknowledgement ‘Switch bed nights from Belfast to Dundalk’ Mr Gibbons said the feedback so far indicates that some operators will opt out of the Northern Ireland market. The feedback we have from some operators is that they will switch bed nights from Belfast to Dundalk, from Derry to Donegal and from Enniskillen to Sligo. It will just be easier for them.” Announcing the ETA proposals last year, UK Immigration Minister Kevin Foster said it would not be an “onerous” requirement. He indicated to MPs that it would likely cost about £10, would be valid for more than a year and would cover multiple trips. Mr Foster said it was part of a wider UK effort to improve both border security and customer service for travellers. Glossary:  Paperwork: Routine clerical or record-keeping work, often incidental to a more important one  Chief executive: The person with the most important position in a company or organization  Waiver: An agreement that you do not have to pay or obey something  Bottom line: The most important fact in a situation How To Learn Norwegian For Free Before A Trip To Norway Norwegians speak excellent English, but they will always appreciate a visitor who makes the effort to speak a few local words. DAVID NIKEL David Nikel (Forbes, Sun. 5 March 2023) Speaking a little bit of the local language can go a long way on your travels. Even the most basic vocabulary can enrich your trip and give a deeper cultural understanding. Before the trip, it helps build anticipation for the experiences you will have. Thanks to online tools and resources, it’s never been easier to get started learning a foreign language, no matter what your language learning experience was like in school. If you decide to learn some Norwegian, starting early is key. Do you need to learn Norwegian? The latest edition of the EF English Proficiency index ranked Norwegians fourth in the world for non-native English competence. That ability is highest in the two biggest cities, Oslo and Bergen. But even in the rural regions, virtually all Norwegians speak at least some English— certainly enough to help out a lost or confused traveler—but most are fluent from a lifetime of education, TV and movies, English soccer fandom and global travel. So unless you’re planning to move to Norway in which case learning Norwegian needs to be high up on the to-do list, putting in the hours before a trip isn’t at all necessary. That being said, locals will be truly delighted should you want to try out some of your newly-learned phrases while in the country. Free online courses There are many paid online courses of varying quality and price, but the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) offers a fantastic free resource to get started with the language. Called Norwegian on the Web, the 12-part course is designed to get newcomers to Norway up and running with the language from day one. The beginner level course uses stories, audio and flashcards to teach vocabulary and pronunciation while following the adventures of new families in Norway. Available downloads include a 139-page textbook, grammar tables and audio tracks. While it’s not intended as a course for travelers, the first two lessons deal with introducing yourself and basic travel vocabulary. Experts at the University of Oslo have also contributed to the Future Learn platform with a free beginner course on learning Norwegian. While it’s a paid platform, access to the Norwegian course is free for a limited time. Once you have reached a certain level, you may wish to test yourself. The companion exercises to the book Exploring Norwegian Grammar are free to use. Language apps There are many options to learn languages on smartphones. The best-known is Duolingo, which is free to download or use on the web. A paid upgrade is available, but the ad-supported free version is a very capable language learning tool. Learning a language is best achieved through daily practice. Duolingo’s built-in gamification makes building a daily language learning habit fun and easy. Memrise is another popular app that uses a flashcard approach to help make words stick. The company says its introductory Norwegian course teaches participants to introduce themselves, get around and “learn a bunch of useful colloquial Norwegian expressions to make people smile.” Norwegian music and podcasts Pronunciation is often the biggest hurdle when learning a new language. To help you in the early days of learning Norwegian, a lot of Norwegian music and podcasts are available to listen to. Listening to Norwegian regularly—regardless of whether you understand the words or not—will help you pick up the cadence and peculiarities of pronunciation. This will make it much easier to understand when a real Norwegian replies to you! Klar Tale is a weekly print newspaper and website that publishes news in simple Norwegian. It’s a great resource for learning to read the written language in the Where do I begin? First things first, let’s talk about mindset. If you want to spend less this summer, it’s all about being flexible, having an open mind and double checking all your costs. Before I book anything, I always check “the triangle of cheap travel”. The three points are: transport, accommodation and daily costs. Nail all three, and you’re on track to stay within your budget. What dates should I avoid? “Beginning your holiday on a weekend can cost you more, with Saturday being the most expensive day for starting a trip to Europe,” says Annie Wilson, chief commercial officer at booking website Kayak. Instead, opt to depart midweek to chip a few pounds off the cost, and avoid the changeover-Saturday crowds too. The begining of the school holidays in England and Wales is always more expensive. However, going away in the last week of August can offer much better value, thanks in part to schoolchildren in many countries on the continent – and those in Scotland – having already returned to school. Another reason is an understandable reluctance on the part of parents not to go away just before the start of the school year. But those who are prepared to make that sacrifice can end up saving a fortune. What are the most affordable destinations? Oura beach in Albufeira on the Algarve – the Portuguese coastal region offers some of the best value in Europe. Photograph: Xinhua/Rex Research is key here, and one helpful resource is the Post Office Holiday Money Report, which gives a good indication of the best-value breaks. In 2022 the Post Office surveyed most (but not all) countries in Europe to compare the prices of meals, drinks and other essentials, and found that Turkey and Bulgaria offered the best value overall, with Portugal’s Algarve in third place. When it comes to destinations likely to be popular this year, Chris Webber, head of holidays and deals at Ice Travel Group, lists the usual suspects: “Tenerife, Mallorca, Spain’s Costa Blanca, the Greek Islands and parts of Turkey are once again the most searched for and booked areas for this summer.” Visitors can find great value by swapping islands for the mainland, or the coast for somewhere inland Of the popular destinations, mainland Spain is where you’ll get the most bang for your buck, with a seven-night break on the Costa Blanca or Costa del Sol averaging £600pp. More interesting for bargain hunters though, is what happens when the best deals have been snapped up in these hotspots. “You get this next level of destinations coming through: places like Morocco, Bulgaria and Tunisia, where you can get some very well-priced breaks,” says Webber. Illustration: Hennie Haworth/The Guardian I experienced this myself last summer when I dodged Spain’s busy Costa del Sol and instead drove two hours up into the Andalucían hills. Not only did I bag an amazing house with a pool for less than £90 a night, but the local bars delivered unbeatable value, with generous measures of gin and tonic for just €4 a pop. If you’re still desperate for some sea air, secondary coastal cities – as opposed to coastal resort towns – offer low prices in the peak months. Travel expert Tristan Sire agrees. “Try looking for less-popular destinations in popular countries, such as Bilbao in Spain or Rijeka in Croatia. Deals are more likely to come up for places that are overshadowed by bigger names.” ‘Try looking for less-popular destinations in popular countries, such as Rijeka, Croatia.’ Photograph: Ilija Ascic/Alamy Heading to countries where the pound is worth more against the local currency can also help you combat rising costs. “Countries that come to mind are Albania, Bulgaria, Georgia and Turkey,” Sire says. “North Africa is also a good place to look – if you can handle the summer heat.” The Balkans in particular are worth a closer look. If you’re still on the fence, the clear blue waters and white sandy beaches of Ksamil on the Albanian Riviera may be enough to sway you. A final option is to simply let your budget do the choosing. For accommodation, it’s a good idea to search dates for whole countries and even continents, which sites such as Airbnb and Expedia allow. Then it’s a case of letting the filters narrow down the results. As for package holidays, Icelolly allows you to select “any destination”, as does Loveholidays – which also allows you to select whole months or to search plus or minus five days from your selected date. When is the best time to book? If you’re looking at a popular destination for the peak summer months, a general rule is: the deals are going to be snapped up a lot quicker.