James Joyce: biografia e opere., Schemi e mappe concettuali di Inglese

Scarica James Joyce: biografia e opere. e più Schemi e mappe concettuali in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! JAMES JOYCE (1882-1941) →He was interested in a broader European culture, in fact later he left Ireland to go to Paris. ↪He escaped the paralysis in Dublin but he kept writing about Dublin, he escaped only mentally. In Dublin he feels suffocated. (Yeats escaped from Dublin by celtic revival). →He is one of the greatest representatives of Modernism. →The setting of most of his works is Ireland, especially Dublin. →Facts in his narratives are presented through different points of view. →Isolation and detachment of the artist from society: ↪Greater importance given to the inner world of the characters. ↪Time is perceived as subjective. ↪His task is to render life objectively. DUBLINERS (1914) written under the pseudonym Stephen Dedalus. →Dubliners are described as afflicted people. →We can divide it into 4 sections: Childhood, Adolescence, Mature life and Public life. ↪All are connected by moral (caused by external forces)and physical paralysis ( linked to religion, politics and culture). →Alternative to paralysis, there is escape which always leads to failure. →Climax of the stories. →Impersonality of the artist ⇢ absence of a didactic and moral aim. STYLE ⇢Each story opens in media res: something has already happened so we are in the middle of the story. ⇢Free indirect speech and free direct speech. ⇢The language suits the age and the social classes. ⇢Detailed and concise descriptions. ⇢Realism mixed with symbolism to give a deeper meaning of external details. ⇢EPIPHANY : Special moment when something lead the character to a sudden self-realization about himself or about the reality surrounding him. ↪Understanding the epiphany in each story is the key to the story itself. EVELINE ⇢Third-person narrator but Eveline’s point of view. ⇢Subjective perception of time. ⇢EPIPHANY: a street italian man playing the organ reminds Eveline of the promise she made her mom of keeping the family together and that day her mom died. The man was disturbing the sadness they were living with. ⇢Symbolic words are dust (decay, paralysis) and sea(action, escape). →Symbolism: the images of the description of the house, everything is paralyzed. →Struggle between personal happiness and responsibility. →Dream VS Reality / Action VS Inactivity →Paralysis and the failure to find a way out of it. THE DEAD →It is the last story. →The imagery: a series of symbolic antithesis (living/death, light/darkness). →Symbols: ⇢the snow=change in Gabriel, a desire to change. ⇢the falling snow=heaven or death reached by people at the end of their life. ⇢Gabriel’s journey to the west=better to pass boldly into that other world, in the full glory of some passion, then fade and wither with age. →Gabriel’s marriage is clearly suffering from paralysis. →2 EPIPHANIES: 1) For gabriel is when he realized that his wife turned completely sad and she is not present anymore 2) For Gretta when she heard those traditional irish songs which takes her back to her adolescence.In particularly, Michael Furey, who died for his love for her when she was 17 y.old. ULYSSES (1922) →Linked to ‘Odyssey’, the title evoque the great adventure of a big hero of classical culture but we have an ordinary man. →The whole novel takes place on a single day, Thursday, June 16, 1904, which was special to Joyce because it was the day that Nora Barnacle, his future wife, made her love clear to him. The central character, Leopold Bloom, a middle-aged advertising canvasser and non-practicing Jew, is Joyce’s common man. He leaves his home at eight o’clock to buy his breakfast and returns finally at two the following morning; in the hours in-between, he lands on the shores of many streets, attends a funeral, endures misadventures and delight. During his wanderings, Bloom meets Stephen Dedalus who becomes, momentarily, his adopted son: the alienated common man rescues the alienated artist from a brothel, and takes him home where the paralysis of their fatigue prevents them from achieving a personal communion. Finally, there is Bloom’s wife, Molly, a voluptuous singer who is planning an afternoon of adultery with her music director. →The story was designed as a detailed account of ordinary life on an ordinary Dublin day. Joyce described very well each streets, pub or character⇢ Dublin becomes itself a character in this novel. →The characters represent two aspects of human nature. ↪STEPHEN is pure intellect and embodies every young man seeking maturity. ↪MRS BLOOM stands for flesh, she identifies totally with her sensual nature and fecundity. ↪MR BLOOM is everybody, in his stream of consciousness, things are linked by cause and effect or by being near in space and time.