James Joyce - "Dubliners" and "Ulysses", Appunti di Inglese

Scarica James Joyce - "Dubliners" and "Ulysses" e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! ➔ James Joyce was born in Dublin into a middle-class Catholic family. ➔ The relation between Joyce and Ireland is complex: - On the surface he seems to have rejected everything that was Irish. - At a deeper level all of Joyce’s works are centred on Ireland and more specifically on Dublin (he describes the city of Dublin with great care for precise details) ➔ Moreover, Joyce’s self-imposed exile (Paris, Pula, Trieste) was necessary in order for him to obtain the objectivity he needed to write about Ireland with the necessary emotional and intellectual detachment. THE STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS ➔ The term “STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS” was coined by William James it indicates the chaotic flow of thoughts in the human mind, but even the theories of Bergson regarding the historical time and the psychological time (tempo della scienza e tempo della coscienza di Bergson) influenced the creation of the stream of consciousness ➔ The stream of consciousness is the result of FREE ASSOCIATIONS; therefore, it may seem almost senseless to us readers → ideas are presented in the very same way as they pass through the mind → as a matter of fact, the narrative technique of the INTERIOR MONOLOGUE tries to reproduce the psychic phenomenon of the stream of consciousness. ➔ Moreover, the stream of consciousness is described as a RIVER, a continuous flow of thought and sensation that characterizes the human mind → therefore it is not “chopped” into pieces, it flows ➔ At the beginning of the 20th century, writers who gave importance to the subjective consciousness adopted the narrative technique of the INTERIOR MONOLOGUE they tried to reproduce the monologue before organizing their thoughts (Usually, the writer organizes his thoughts and then puts them into writing, on the other hand, the writers that adopt the interior monologue try to reproduce what happens in their mind without organizing it) ➔ The interior monologue is the narrative technique used to represent the stream of consciousness, in fact: - the stream of consciousness is the psychic phenomenon - the monologue is the narrative technique ➔ Technical features of the stream of consciousness: • No chronological order • No formal order of the sentence • No introductory expressions • No punctuation • The action takes place in the character’s mind ➔ There are 3 kinds of interior monologue: 1. INDIRECT INTERIOR MONOLOGUE (3rd person) 2. INTERIOR MONOLOGUE CHARACTERIZED BY 2 LEVELS OF NARRATION, one external to the character’s mind and the other internal (1st and 3rd person) 3. DIRECT INTERIOR MONOLOGUE (only stream of consciousness of the character)