Scarica James Joyce, Dubliners, Eveline e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! James Joyce -LIFE James Joyce was born in DUBLIN in 1882. Political and literary movements which had as their objective the FREEING OF IRELAND from English dominance held very little attraction for him. His interest was for a BROADER EUROPEAN CULTURE , and this led him to begin to think of himself as a European rather than an Irishman. Joyce, on the contrary, believed that the only way to increase Ireland's awareness was by offering a REALISTIC PORTRAIT of its life from a European viewpoint. He established himself on the Continent. In June 1904 he met and fell in love with NORA BARNACLE, a 20-year-old girl who was working as a chambermaid ina hotel. They had their first date on 16 June, which was to become the BLOOMSTALE of Ulysses. -PARIS 1920-40 Ulysses traces the experiences of MR LEOPOLD BLOOM, his wife MOLLY and the poet STEPHEN DEDALUS on a single day, 16th June 1904, in Dublin. -ORDINARY DUBLIN Though Joyce went into voluntary exile he set all his works in Ireland and mostly in the city of Dublin. His effort was to give a realistic portrait of the life of ORDINARY PEOPLE doing ordinary things and living. -STYLE Joyce, influenced by the FRENCH SYMBOLISTS, believed in the impersonality of the artist. The artist's task was to render life OBJECTIVELY in order to give back to the readers a true image of it. This led to the isolation and detachment of the artist from society. As his works did not have to express the author's viewpoint, Joyce used different points of view and narrative techniques appropriate to the characters portrayed. His style, technique and language developed from the realism and the disciplined prose of Dubliners. Through the use of FREE DIRECT SPEECH, to the interior monologue up to the extreme interior monologue. So language broke down into a SUCCESSION of words without punctuation or grammatical connections, into infinite puns. Dubliners -SCRUCTURE AND SETTING Dubliners consists of 15 SHORT STORIES; they all lack obvious action, but they lead to a moral, social or spiritual revelation. The opening stories deal with CHILDHOOD and YOUTH in Dublin; the others, concern the MIDDLE YEARS of characters and their social, political or religious affairs. Joyce was hostile to city life, finding that it DEGRADED its citizens. In fact, his Dublin is a place where true feeling and compassion for others DO NOT EXIST. The stories are arranged into FOUR GROUPS, as Joyce explained: 'My intention was to write a chapter of the MORAL HISTORY of my country and I chose Dublin for the scene because that city seemed to me the centre of paralysis, I have tried to present it to the indifferent public under four of its aspects; childhood; adolescence, maturity and public life’. The last story, “The Dead” was a late addition and can be considered Joyce's first MASTERPIECE. It summarises themes and motifs of the other 14 stories of the collection, but it functions more as an EPILOGUE. -CHARACTERS The oppressive effects of religious, political, cultural and economic FORCES on the lives of lower-middle-class Dubliners that provided Joyce with the raw material for a psychologically realistic picture of Dubliners. Everyone in Dublin seems to be caught up in an endless web of DESPAIR. Even when they want to escape, Joyce's Dubliners are UNABLE to because they are spiritually weak. The young woman in “Eveline” is a perfect EXAMPLE. Instead of choosing a new life in Buenos Aires, she decides to stay in Dublin. -REALISM AND SYMBOLISM The description in each story is realistic.The use of realism is mixed with symbolism, since external details generally have a DEEPER MEANING. The name of certain objects is carefully chosen. For example the choice of the term “street organ”, which is also called 'harmonium" in Eveline, in contrast to the everyday words takes on a symbolic meaning. It points out the general DISHARMONY of Eveline's family, where the dead mother was a victim of the aggressive father and Eveline now shares the SAME DESTINY. Even colour symbolism is widely employed in the collection: brown, grey and yellow frequently suggest the pervading atmosphere of DESPAIR and PARALYSIS. -THE USE OF EPIPHANY He employed a peculiar technique called “epiphany”, that is, the sudden spiritual manifestation caused by a trivial gesture, an external object or a banal situation, which reveals the character's inner TRUTHS. So at these revelatory moments the reader's attention focuses on the REAL MEANING of the narrative.
