Scarica James Joyce - Dubliners - Eveline e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! James Joyce James Joyce was born in Dublin in 1882. He was educated at Jesuit schools and in 1899 he studied Mordern Languages at University Collage, Dublin. His interest was for a broader European culture, and this led him to begin to think of himself as a European rather than an Irishman. His attitude contrasted Yeats and the other literary contemporaries who tried to rediscover the Irish Celtic identity. In 1903 he left Ireland to attend a medical school in Paris but his mother’s fatal illness brought him back to Dublin. In 1904 he met and fell in love with Nora Barnacle. In 1905 he settled in Trieste with his family and here he made friends with Italo Svevo. Dubliners, a collection of short stories all about Dublin and its life, was completed in 1905 but only published on the eve of the First World War (1914). In 1915 Joyce moved to Zurich and in 1916 A Portrait of the Artist as a Young man, his semi- autobiographical novel, was published. In 1920 he moved to Paris where the American-born bookseller Sylvia Beach agreed to publish Ulysses in 1922. This novel drew both praise and sharp criticism. In 1940 Joyce returned to Zurich, the city that had first given them refuge during World War I. He set all his works in Ireland and mostly in the city of Dublin. He rebelled against the Catholic Church. Joyce influenced by the French Symbolists believed in the impersonality of the artist. The artist’s task was to render life objectively in order to give back to the readers a true imagine of it. This necessarily led to the isolation and detachment of the artist from society. Joyce used different points of views and narrative techniques appropriate to the characters portrayed. His style, technique and language developed from the realism and the disciplined prose, through an exploration of the characters’ impressions and points of view, through the use of free direct speech up to the extreme interior monologue. Dubliners Dubliners consists of 15 short stories. The opening stories deal with childhood and youth in Dublin; the other concern the middle years of characters and their social, political or religious affairs. His Dublin is a place where true feeling and compassion for others do not exist. The city seemed to him the centre of paralysis. Dubliners are described as afflicted people. Even when they want to escape, Joyce’s Dubliners are unable to escape because they are spiritually weak. The young woman in Eveline is a perfect example. The description in each story is realistic and concise, with an abundance of external details. The use of realism is mixed with symbolism, since external details generally have a deeper meaning. Joyce’ aim was to take the reader beyond the usual aspect of life through “epiphany”, that is, ‘the sudden spiritual manifestation' caused by a trivial gesture, an external object or a banal situation, which reveals the character's inner truths. There are different linguistic registers, language suits the age, the social class and the role of the characters. The themes are paralysis and escape. The paralysis which Joyce wanted to portray is both physical - resulting from external forces - and moral - linked to religion, politics and culture. However, the moral centre of Dubliners is not paralysis alone but its revelation to its victims. The main theme is the failure to find a way out of ‘paralysis’. The alternative to paralysis is to escape which always leads to failure.
