Scarica James joyce e le sue opere e più Appunti in PDF di Letteratura Inglese solo su Docsity! JAMES JOYCE James J. was born in Dublin in 1882, one of a large family. He grew up a rebel among rebels although he was educated at Jesuits schools and then in the University Collage of Dublin, where he studied Italian, French, German and English languages and literatures, obtaining the graduation in modern languages in 1902. He was not happy in Ireland, he thought himself not as an Irishman but as an European because he was interested in a broader European culture. Of course it contrasted with intentions of his literary contemporaries, who were trying to rediscover the national identity referring back to the past in order to create a national conscience, while Joyce, on the contrary, believed that the only way to increase a national conscience was by offering a realistic portrait of Ireland from a bigger, a cosmopolitan viewpoint. He moved to Italy and exactly to Trieste when he met and made friend with the Italian writer Italo Svevo. During his stay in Trieste he taught in the famous Berlitz School of English. Then, he moved from Trieste to Paris, where he spent some time but when her mother became ill, in 1903, he brought him back to Dublin. In June 1904 he met and fell in love with his future wife, Nora Barnacle, a twenty-year-old girl who was working as a chambermaid in a hotel and it’s important because the date of their first date, June the 16th, became the “Bloomsday” of Ulysses. In October they moved to Italy where Joyce began teaching English and made friends with Italo Svevo. These were difficult years for them, because of financial problems, since Joyce was in trouble with publishers and printers because of obscene elements in his prose. His first book, Chamber Music, was published in 1907 as a collection of 36 short poems. In 1914 he published one of his most important book, Dubliners, a collection of short stories all about Dublin and Dublin’s life. In 1916 was published A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, a semi-autobiographical novel. Although Dubliners and A Portrait had established him as a writer, he continued to have financial problems but in 1917 he received the first of several anonymous donations which allowed him to continue writing Ulysses that will be published in Paris in 1922. The outcry and the scandal followed to this publication brought him an unhappy reputation and some trouble with publication out of French but, fortunately, an educated judge finally permitted the publication of Ulysses in 1934 in the USA and in 1936 in Britain too. Meanwhile, in 1923, he had begun to work on Finnegans Wake, that will be published in London in 1939. Two years later, at the age of 59, he died in Switzerland. Joyce literary production can be divided into two periods: the turning point coincides with Ulysses. In a first period his production is marked by a realistic technique, because the artist’s main aim is to give to the readers a true image of reality, without any expression of the author’s point of view and the most significant product of this period is Dubliners.
