James Joyce Riassunto, Appunti di Inglese

Scarica James Joyce Riassunto e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! James Joyce, Dubliners (quadro osburn Luci e Ombre), Surrealismo x Arte (s.o.c) CRISI CERTEZZE → 1882: born in Dublin, he was largely educated by the Jesuits and studied Modern Languages at University College, Dublin. He grew up as rebel among rebels→ he was in contrast to Yeats and to other contemporaries who tried to rediscover the irish celtic identity; His interest was for a broader European culture (this led him to think of himself as an european rather than an irishman) → 1903: he left Ireland to attend a medical school in Paris, but his mother’s fatal illness brought him back to Dublin. → 1904: he met and fell in love with Nora Barnacle, a 22yro girl who was working as a chambermaid in a hotel. → 1905: he and Nora settled in Trieste, whom he married. Here he made friends with Italo Svevo. In 1905 Dubliners was completed, but only published on the eve of the 1st World War (1914) → 1905-1907: his 2 children were born, Giorgio e Lucia; → 1915: Joyce moved to Zurich with his family, since his position as a British national in Austrian-occupied Trieste. → 1916: A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, his semi autobiographical novel, was published. 1917: he received the 1st of several anonymous donations → 1918: Ulysses began to appear in serial from in The Little Review → 1920: he moved to Paris → 1922: The american bookseller Sylvia Beach agreed to publish Ulysses, a novel that drew both praise and sharp criticism Ulysses (1922)--> manifest of the stream of consciousness; interior monologue with 2 levels of narration/extreme interior dialogue; no temporal coherence or consequence. → 1939: Finnegans Wake was published→ Freud influence → 1940: the family returned to Zurich, where they found refuge from World War I → 1941: He died at 59, following an intestinal operation. He is buried in Zurich. Features of Joyce’s works: → setting of most of his works = Ireland, especially Dublin → He rebelled against the Catholic Church → all facts in his narratives= explored from different points of view simultaneously → isolation and detachment of the artist from society, expressed through: → his task= to render life objectively (to detach me from society, which caused him a lot of pain); → greater importance given to the inner world of the characters - Dubliners: realism, disciplined prose, different points of view, free-direct speech - → Dublin: represented as not fixed and static, “the revolutionary montage of Dublins” through a range of historical juxtapositions and varied styles - 15 stories of the Dubliners set in the same city, which portrait different lives of different people, not united by their geography: each story has a singular location; each story opens in medias res, mostly told from a character’s perspective - extern narrator but Dublin is filtered through Stephen’s mind (main character). Indeed in Ulysses, the city overwhelms the reader Dubliners (1914) → published in the newspaper The Irish Homestead by Joyce’s pseudonym Stephen Dedalus → described as afflicted people → Joyce stated that the city seemed to be the centre of paralysis/escape parts → Structure: - Childhood: the sisters, an encounter, Araby (divided in 4 parts=of his life) - Adolescence: Eveline, After the Race, Two Gallants, The Boarding House - Mature Life: A little Cloud, Counterparts, Clay, A Painful Case - Public life: Ivy Day in the Committee Room, A Mother, Grace, The Dead → Narrative technique: - naturalistic, concise, detailed descriptions, - use of free-direct speech and free-direct thought→a direct presentation of the character’s thought (interior monologue); no stream of consciousness used in Ulysses - Realism mixed with symbolism→ deeper meaning of external details (VERGA) - Different linguistic registers→ language suits the age, social class and role of characters - Use of EPIPHANY= the sudden spiritual manifestation/revelation of an interior reality of the ordinary characters; the special moment in which an external object/banal situation/episode lead the character to a sudden self-realisation about himself/herself or about the reality surrounding him/her→ even if they don’t act upon this realisation→ they continue to live just like before. → Themes: paralysis =a condition of this particular man of this age that may has different sources; consequence of an impersonal/frenetic life which causes a kind of frustration in the characters (INETTO), and an unsatisfying job; a mixture of persona truth (you fell inappropriate) and reality (let you understand that you’re not free of movement) ↪Physical paralysis= caused by external forces ↪Moral paralysis= linked to religion, politics and culture - Climax of the stories= the coming of awareness by the characters of their own paralysis; - Alternative to paralysis = escape, which always leads to failure; - Protagonists have some desires to fulfil and they attempt to do that, but at the same time, at the end they’re forced to give up to these circumstances (family, culture, religion), which make them impossible to react; they have a deep comprehension of their circumstances/thought→ they react passively by continuing their life just like they were doing (they goes on as leaving as before) A need of escape which remains only in their mind → Absence of a didactic and moral aim bc of the impersonality of the artist→ there’s a sort of purpose when Joyce writes: - To take the reader beyond the usual aspects of life trough epiphany - Key to the story/to better know the characters= to understand the epiphany in each story Differents monologues and streams of consciousness → the soul of Dublin represents a link between all the characters and all of their experiences→ interconnecting web created between the characters (underlined by the fact that a story’s character may mention one’s from another one) → Joyce focuses on specific moments of their lives that seem to be, at 1st sight, to be everyday activities→ they become special to the characters as they correspond to a self awareness to themselves and to their paralysis. Eveline → Characters: - Eveline = passive, influenced by her family’s mentality; she suffers of loneliness and lack of friendship - Her father = a violent and strict man → Eveline’s FEAR - Her mother= conservative → her DUTY - Frank =Eveline’s fiance, kind, open-hearted, brave → her UNKNOWN FUTURE - Antithesis between Eveline’s house (dusty and doll life, like dust over the furniture) and her new one in Buenos Aires (she was planning to runaway in Argentina with Frank, but at the end she decided to remain at home)--> PARALYSIS/ESCAPE She is splitted between duty (known) and desire (unknown) The reader is puts right from the beginning inside her tormented mind, that went through her thoughts and memories, with a claustrophobic atmosphere, where she finds her inability to act, not only to react. → Structure and Style: the story opens in medias res (she was at her window, watching outside) - 3rd person narrator but through Eveline’s point of view - Time perceived as subjective→ BERGSON - Epiphany= a street organ which reminds Eveline of the promise she made to her dying mother