Scarica James Joyce, vita e opere e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! JAMES JOYCE AND HIS WORKS James Joyce is considered the greatest exponent of English Modernism and the inventor of the stream of consciousness technique. He was born in Dublin, a city he loves and hates at the same time because it is the main inspiration for his novels, in fact his books are set in Dublin, but he considers it a static and too traditionalist city. Joyce studied foreign languages at university and worked as a teacher at the Berlitz institute in Trieste where he met several intellectuals including Italo Svevo. At that time, Trieste was ruled by the Austro-Hungarian Empire and a multi- ethnic city with a very active port. In Trieste, Joyce wrote his first opera “Dubliners”. The work was published in 1914 and is a collection of 15 stories divided into three groups: -childhood; -adulthood; -public life; The 15 stories have the common feature of being set in Dublin. Dublin is represented by the author as a provincial and static city. The city is described through the effect it creates on its inhabitants, unable to evolve their potential. In fact, another important theme of the collection is spiritual and psychological paralysis. This is a feature common to all the characters in the book. The characters have a sad life for various reasons, economic, family, physical or psychological, but they have a desire that they can't turn into reality because they don't have the will. This condition is called paralysis because it is a static and non-growth condition of Irish society. But there is an escape route which is the epiphany, which means "revelation". This word refers to the moment characters become aware of their paralyzed condition. After the epiphany, however, the characters will do nothing to change this condition. These characteristics are also present in Joyce's works, such as in his masterpiece "Ulysses", the first novel written with the stream of consciousness technique. "Ulysses" is narrated in a single day, June 16, 1904, but recounts the "mental journeys" of the three main characters, the protagonist Leopold Bloom, his wife Molly and their son Stephen Dedalus, and Leopold's wanderings through Dublin while carrying out and common commissions. The fact that it is narrated in a single day is influenced by the new philosophical currents that were developing at the time, in fact the novel does not follow a chronological time but a subjective time formed by a series of memories, thoughts, of the past or for the future , or free association, the author uses words to simulate the work of the mind, considered a continuous flow of thoughts. For this purpose Joyce uses the stream of consciousness as a narrative technique, influenced by the studies of the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud. The novel is a parody of Homer's poem, the Odyssey. Leopold is the classic anti-hero of the twentieth century, the opposite of his alter ego Ulysses, a man who lives a monotonous and static life. While Molly is an interesting character because she is a new female character who is unfaithful to her husband and has a dynamic role in the story, she is the prototype of the new woman of the 20th century and is the opposite of her alter ego, the faithful wife of Odysseus, Penelope. Again in this book the characters are anti-heroes due to a lack of will to change their lives. These characteristics make the characters inept, a figure inspired by the works of Svevo. JAMES JOYCE E LE SUE OPERE James Joyce è considerato il maggior esponente del Modernismo inglese e l’inventore della tecnica dello stream of consciousness. Nacque a Dublino, città che ama e odia allo stesso tempo perchè è l’ispirazione principale ai suoi romanzi, infatti i suoi libri sono ambientati a Dublino, ma la considera una città statica e troppo tradizionalista. Joyce studiò lingue straniere all’università e lavorò come insegnante all’istituto Berlitz, a Trieste dove conobbe diversi intellettuali tra cui Italo Svevo. In quel periodo, Trieste era governata dall’impero austro-ungarico e una città multietnica con un porto molto attivo. A Trieste, Joyce scrisse la sua prima opera ossia “Dubliners”. L’opera è stata pubblicata nel 1914 ed è una raccolta di 15 racconti suddivisi in tre gruppi: -infanzia; -età adulta; -vita pubblica; Le 15 storie hanno la caratteristica comune di essere ambientate a Dublino. Dublino è rappresentata dall’autore come una città provinciale e statica. La città viene descritta attraverso l’effetto che crea sui suoi abitanti, incapaci di evolvere il proprio potenziale.
