APPUNTI MATURITÀ James Joyce - vita e opere, Appunti di Inglese

Scarica APPUNTI MATURITÀ James Joyce - vita e opere e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity!   JAMES JOYCE LIFE 1882: Dublin. His interest was for a broader European culture and this led him to begin to think of himself as a European rather than an Irishman. 1903: he left Ireland to attend a medical school in Paris. But his mother’s fatal illness brought him back to Dublin.  In June 1904 he fell in love with Nora Barnacle, a 20-year-old girl who was working as a chambermaid in a hotel. Trieste:  1905-15 He began teaching English and made friends with Italo Svevo. The years in Trieste were difficult, filled with disappointment and financial problems. Joyce was in trouble with publishers and printers because of obscene elements in his prose. 1914: Dubliners was completed in 1905 but only published on the eve of the First World War. Paris: 1920-40 The American bookseller Sylvia Beach agreed to publish Ulysses in 1922. Although this final decade of Joyce's life was darkened by his daughter's illness, his increasing blindness and his father's death, he continued to write. Zurich: 1940-41 When France was occupied by the Germans, the Joyces returned to Zurich. He never saw the conclusion of WWII: he died in January 1941 THE MOST IMPORTANT FEATURES OF JOYCE’S WORKS  Ordinary Dublin  Joyce set all his works in Ireland and especially in the city of Dublin.  He wanted to give a realistic portrait of the life of ordinary people.   Style Joyce believed in the impersonality of the artist. The artist’s task was to render life objectively. This led to the isolation and detachment of the artist from society.  Since his works did not have to express the author’s point of view, Joyce used different viewpoints and narrative techniques appropriate to the characters portrayed. His style, technique and language develops from the realism and disciplined prose of Dubliners, through the use of free direct speech.  The language is divided into a succession of words without punctuation or grammatical connections. DUBLINERS Structure and setting It was published in the newspaper The Irish Homestead by Joyce with the pseudonym Stephen Dedalus. It consists of 15 stories divided into 4 groups: childhood, adolescence, maturity and public life. Dublin is a place where true feeling and compassion for others do not exist. He considered Dublin as the centre of “paralysis”: Dubliners are unable to get rid of social and religious restrictions. When they want to escape, they are unable to because they are spiritually weak.  It is a dull and provincial city, different from every cosmopolitan city. Realism and symbolism  The description is realistic and extremely concise, with an abundance of external details. The use of realism is mixed with symbolism, since details generally have a deeper meaning.  Even colour symbolism is widely employed in the collection: brown, grey and yellow frequently suggest the pervading atmosphere of despair and paralysis. The use of epiphany Joyce’s aim was to take the reader beyond the usual aspects of life through epiphany. That is, 'the sudden spiritual manifestation' caused by a banal gesture, an external object or a situation, which reveals the character’s inner truths and leads to a sudden self-realisation about himself. Style Is characterised by 2 distinct elements:  - the interior monologue in which the narrator tends to disappear - chiasmus: the repetition of images. In the childhood section, Joyce employs a 1st-person narrator, who remains anonymous and unidentified. This narrator describes events from the point of view of the boy. For the other sections a 3rd-person narrator is employed: he often shares a character’s perspective and tends to reflect the language and sensitivity of the person who is being described. Each story opens in medias res The language appears simple, objective and neutral. It is always adapted to the characters. Absence of a didactic and moral aim because of the impersonality of the artist. EVELIN Eveline is a young woman living in Dublin with her father. Her mother is dead.  The world outside the window makes her think about her childhood. She remembers the camp where she and other children played until a man from Belfast bought it to build houses there. Ernest, the older brother, was too old to play their games and now he’s dead. Evelyne and the other children played but always attentive to the presence of her father, described as a hostile adult who ruined their game.  In the room where Evelyne is, there is a picture of a priest who was a classmate of his father. The priest became a photo yellowed, Evelyne is surrounded by old and dusty objects. Eveline is responsible for the daily running of the household: her father is drunk and only reluctantly leaves her part of the weekly housekeeping money, and her brother Harry is busy working and is away for work. Eveline herself keeps a job in a shop. On Saturday nights, when she asks her father for some money, he tends to unleash a tirade of verbal abuse. When he eventually gives his housekeeping money, Eveline has to go to the shops and buy the food for the Sunday dinner at the last minute. Eveline is tired of this life, so dreaming of a better life, Eveline agrees to marry Frank, a sailor who is her secret lover, and start a new life in Argentina. But as she is just about to board the ship, Eveline feels panic, and cannot go through with it. Frank tries to pull her along, but Eveline is terrified to follow Frank.He calls her repeatedly, but Eveline