Scarica James Joyce, vita e opere e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! JAMES JOYCE (1882-1941) - Born in Dublin in 1882 from a middle class Irish Catholic family - 1888: Catholic college - His father was a nationalist, supporter of the Irish Home Rule Movement - Joyce was influenced by Irish nationalist politics - After Charles Parnell's death he was disillusioned > Detachment towards Irish political extremism - 1898: he studied Modern languages at University College - 1902: he went to Paris. Then returned to Ireland and lived in a precarious way - 1904: he met Nora Barnacle, his lifelong companion. They left Ireland (voluntary exile) - They moved to Pula, Croatia, then Trieste until 1915, where he taught English and wrote Dubliners (series of short stories) - 1914: Dubliners was published. Very successful novel - Acclaimed by Ezra Pound, Joyce's most helpful friend - Outbreak of WWI: moved to Zurich - 1924: Ulysses published - Moved to Paris: technical experimentation - Returned to Zurich where he died in 1941 - Joyce's conception of the ARTIST: should be “invisible” in his works, he must not express his viewpoint (similar to Eliot). The artist should express the thoughts and experiences of other men. - OBJECTIVITY of the artist, independence from moral, religious or political pressures (different from Eliot) - Rejection of Irish life, but he set all his novels in Dublin - Influenced by the MODERN CULTURE and by Freud's PSYCHOANALYSIS - New kind of DREAM LANGUAGE (mixture of existing words, inventive word combinations and non-existent words) - MULTI-LAYERED PROSE with endless levels of significance - DISORDERED SYNTAX, NON-EXISTENT PUNCTUATION - 1st PHASE: • Traditional technique, sequence of time, use of common speech, richness in details. Acute analysis of characters through the “epiphany” • EPIPHANY: a sudden revelation, a moment of insight into the inner truth of our actions • Realistic technique • Linear plot, rich in details • Logical syntax and everyday speech • Dubliners: 15 stories all written in 1905 except for “The Dead” (1907) • Acute analysis of Dublin's life • Dublin described as “the centre of moral paralysis” • Moments of SUDDEN INSIGHT called EPIPHANIES (sudden revelations) • All the details, thoughts, gestures, objects, feelings come together to produce a SUDDEN AWARENESS • Moments buried for years in one's memory, suddenly surface in one's mind (photos, songs, etc.) • “The Dead”: theme of DECAY and STAGNATION. It moves away from the realistic and objective presentation of the characters' life, more similar to the “stream of consciousness” - 2nd PHASE: • EXPERIMENTATION • Transition from a traditional approach to experimentation • NO TIME SEQUENCE • NO LOGICAL SYNTAX, NO COMMON PUNCTUATION • Use of the INTERIOR MONOLOGUE > to reveal hidden thoughts, inner feelings and lost memories of his characters • SYMBOLISM and ALLEGORY • Change in language - ULYSESS - Single day: 16th of June, 1904 - Parallel with the Homeric poem (Odyssey): 18 sections vs. 24 sections of the Odyssey - First episode called “Telemachus” - Second chapter “Nestor” after the Wise King in the Odyssey. “Nestor” is Mr Deasy which is the counterpart in the Ulysses. Mr Deasy is the headmaster of the school where Stephen teaches. - Chapter called “Hades” > Mr Bloom attends a friend's funeral and meditates on DEATH and on the dead people he had known. Similar to the Homeric episode in which Ulysses visits the underworld and speaks with the souls of the dead - Divided into 3 corresponding parts: 1) Central characters: STEPHEN DEDALUS (Joyce's alter ego): Ulysses' son, Telemachus
