L'era Vittoriana in Gran Bretagna, Temi di Inglese

Scarica L'era Vittoriana in Gran Bretagna e più Temi in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! Victoria ascended the throne in 1837 at the age of 18 and died in 1901. The Victorian age was one of the best periods in British history characterized by technological progress, imperial expansion but also problems of poverty and overcrowding. Victoria never identified with the aristocracy and intellectually, she was very near to the common man in the street. Thanks to the industrial revolution the urban population surpassed the rural one but there was great urban poverty and social injustice. The Victorian age was an age of reform. The Reform Bill of 1832 gave the vote to male middle class. The Reform Bill of 1867 gave the vote to the workers in town. The Reform Bill of 1884 gave the vote to the workers in mines and to the agricultural workers. The Education Act made elementary education compulsory. The landowners introduced tariffs (Corn Law) on imported products and this led to high prices. These laws were abolished in 1846 thanks to protests of working and middle class. The Factory Acts limited working hours and regulated child and female labour. In this period the Wings became the Liberal Party and the Tories became the Conservative Party. The Trade Union Act gave full legality and status to the Trade Unions. The steam locomotive was invented in 1803 and the railway age had begun. Shipbuilding too was innovated with the adoption of steam and iron. The communication system was improved with the invention of the telegraph. London was a city with many problems such as slums, vast quantities of sewage and rising crime rates. To solve these problems, tunnels were built to direct sewage out of town and was founded the New Metropolitan Police Force. The Victorian era was a time of prosperity and optimism that culminated in the Great Exhibition of 1851. There was a lot of faith in progress and a lot of importance was given to science. Industrialization led to the emergence of slums while contributing to the enrichment of high society. Victorian society was heavily influenced by the religious movement of evangelism which engaged in social reform. The ideology of utilitarianism spread. This supported the idea that what is useful is good. The British Empire achieved great political and military success. The goal was to obtain raw materials and conquer new markets. The Opium Wars, the Crimean War and the Boer Wars were connected with the protection of Britain’s imperial interests. The Crimean War was fought by Great Britain in alliance with the French and the Turks against Russia.