L'età vittoriana: politica, società ed economia, Schemi e mappe concettuali di Inglese

Scarica L'età vittoriana: politica, società ed economia e più Schemi e mappe concettuali in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! THE EARLY VICTORIAN AGE  Queen Victoria  1837: came to throne (64 years of reign) 18 y.o  guided by her statesmen Ideal of Constitutional monarch  1840: ❤ Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha 9 children Family model of respectability  Very long reign (avoided political revolution) Reforms  First Reform Act (1832) Vote to the middle class  Factory Act (1833) Reformed social and economic conditions Limited hours for children work  Poor Law Amendment Act (1834) Established workhouses (houses for workers) Poor people  job + house BUT no good conditions (on purpose  self-made man) So poor people want to change in better BUT they can’t  exploitation  death  People’s charter (1838) Vote for all adult males Election by secret ballot (no corruption) Payment of members Parliament  work, career  10 Hours’ Act (1847) Children NO employed more than 48 hours a week - 18 NO work more than 69 hours a week  Second Reform Act (1867) Vote to skilled working men Compromises instead of Revolution Progress = easier life Undergrounds Railways Newspaper/books/magazines (cheap) Steamships (for people and products + English trade Empire) Believes Power of progress Hard work  self-made man Thrift Duty 1 THE LATE VICTORIAN AGE Queen Victoria Widow (Prince Albert died from Typhoid in 1861) Sons and daughters married With all European powers  alliances (mother-in-law of many European royals) Empire expansion Africa (victory VS Boers in South Africa) India (Victoria: Empress of India) White man’s burden  responsibility to spread superior way of life Politics  Elementary Education Act (1870) State education system (for industrialization)  Trade Union Act (1871) Trade unions legalized (wages, welfare, education)  Public Health Act (1875) Provide clean water and sanitation (for epidemics)  Third Reform Act (1884) Vote to all male householders Secret ballot + payment of MPs (- corruption + career in politics for more men) Society Modernisation  public buildings, gas lighting, rubbish collection Middle class women  + rights + jobs Economics  new materials, mechanisation (printing) Suffragette movement Victorian Compromise Middle class: powerful ≠ lower class Respectability: Morality/ hypocrisy/ severity/ conformity to social standards Good manners Comfortable house (with servants and carriage) Regular attendance at church Prudery (people shocked by everything related to sex and nudity) Charitable activities (stray children, fallen women, drunken men) Family: husband  authority (wife: house + children) Middle class ≠ lower class (work) White man’s burden (racial superiority  colonies) 2