La crisi culturale alla fine del XIX secolo, Appunti di Inglese

Scarica La crisi culturale alla fine del XIX secolo e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! A DEEP CULTURAL CRISIS (caltural craisis) At the end of the 19th century a deep (diip) cultural crisis took place that removed all Victorian values. This change was provoked by the overcoming of old Victorian’s taboos towards a positivistic progress, but this progress concerned only the higher classes: for the majority of the population 1 World War was still an atrocious memory and many soldiers coming back from the trenches couldn’t find any jobs. After the war the dissolution of the Imperial hegemony took place producing a feeling of frustration among the nations. Despite (despait) this deep crisis new hopes were born, for example through the theory of special relativity of Einstein. Bergson with internal time, which depends on our feelings so how we live the moment and what we feel and external time, which is the conventional time perceived (persiv) by the clocks. FREUD Freud’s theories deeply (dipli) influenced the thoughts of the 20th century. Freud’s model of the psyche was composed by: ● ID: was the place of instinctual impulses (impalsis) without organisation. ● (igo) EGO: was the realistic and coordinated part. ● SUPEREGO: was the critical and moralising part. The human psyche is influenced by the subconscious. This theory was very disturbing, because it led to a new analysis of the social relationship both in the family and among genders. In 1905 Freud published “Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality”, this work changed the way people thought, behaved and learned about sexuality. The first and last essays dealt with puberty and perversions and did not shock people like the second, which provoked a discussion, because it dealt with sexuality in childhood It also included the question of fact linked to puberty, sexuality as the sum of the changes affecting infantile sexuality. To examine the subconscious of people, Freud used to analyse dreams and the concept of “free association”, which is a hypnotic method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how unimportant or embarrassing. This influenced many artists and writers like Virginia Woolf, she was interested in the interior world of humans, made by feelings and memories. She was also concentrated on the human personality as a continuous shift of emotions. Moreover, maybe Stevenson anticipated with Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde the theme of subconscious through the theme of double into human I thought of connecting Freud with the consciousness of Zeno by Italo Svevo, because it deals with desire, for history with Hitler’s Nazi madness and for art history Van Gogh