Scarica La critica alla società vittoriana e l'evoluzione delle idee e più Schemi e mappe concettuali in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! Victorian age The Middle class was involved in the industrial revolution, this is connected to the material goods procured during this time that were produced in factories. The key words are rationality and materialism. Develop a new thought: the Utilitarianism, according to these ideas all that is useful is good, everything that is rational is good. The rst part of the Victorian Age was a moment of wealth, optimism, patriotism, progress, develop, in which happiness was in something material. During the second part of the century, after 1851 we have got a big change in thought: people start to be more pessimistic, they were more distant from the idea to be happy for something materialistic, they also criticizes the values of the middle class. Very much in uence by Darwin’s ideas, scienze in general. There is a rejection of Victorian values. - DARWIN There is a big challenge between religion and science, as in the period of Galileo… Archeologists found fossils in rock, so the ideas of previous animals and the evolution spread. Was God as important as before? NO All living creatures had developed their forms, during a progress of adaptation, is no God who create all the creatures, was a slow progress. (the idea of evolution also for man, they were monkeys before). He found out that creatures adapted to their environment. The theory of the ( sopravvivenza), thought by Charles Darwin, is based on favorable or unfavorable condition, in which the strongest animal survive while the weakest parish. Begin to the crise of the Victorian Age. Victorian men and women met the new theories so they were afraid, certainties disappeared. “Maybe the Catholic Church is not true”, but it is not easy to leave the religion , you live without an aim, if you don’t have any God you probably have more freedom but you don’t have values. They are in front of scientific certainties, there is a rejection of the old Victorian values. During this second part of century born a new criticism: materialism don’t provide happiness. Criticism of the inhumanity of industrialisation is the key point, in fact Marks criticize the exploitation in factories, exploitation of people and the environment. The idea is to go back to medieval (an authentic moment in history) art, they reject all that it was procured in factories. An other idea is the spread of socialist ideas, socialists wanted to reformer without a con ict. These ideas, as communist and socialist, artistic, born thanks to Darwin’s discovery. This is the beginning of a new moment. “If God is dead we are lost, but we have more freedom”. Rustin and Morris that criticize all was releted ti industrialization. In politics, during this period the liberal party disappeared and the Labour Party born, the Labour Party is legalized and includes all the laboures from all di erent social classes. (the Torres were conservatives, liberal party Whigs). THE PRE-RAPHAELISTIC Isan artistic mouvement, artists and poets and writers rejected the ugliness of contemporary industrial and urban world. They turned to the purity and simplicity of the Italian medieval art, before Raphael, they introduces into visual art and quyalitei, love for details and vivid colours. Ophelia by John Millais (from Hamlet) where she committed suicidio, colours were precise and vivid, Ecce ancilla Dmini, Rossetti Idea of purity Aestheticism in England He's father of the aesthetic mouvement in England, noi respectability, mano r4atiionality brcouse they understand there is a lost of ipocriuzy (dietro i values), the molto is ART FOR ART°S SAKE, in contrast wiih utilitarianism, art had nothing to do with morality (dickens writing became something for teaching, in this periodo ther is no didattici Sam, some ]thing just to enjoy). Art is useless, ther in not moral teaching. Dorian Gray how finish? Is punished, in the end there is a morality in Dorian gray, there is not an aerasti think Pater and then Wild, thought that every moment ha doti be filled sensations, and life should be lived like a work of art, beauty is reflected in art, the pursuit of beauty in son of the greatest experience. Also in France, end of 19th century, a group of artists want to set free art from matherialistic and industrialized society from a strict moral code, they rejected the idea of bourgeoisie of time time, they lived isolated. Acestheticism Art is eternal (Dorian gray, ther is mano reference of morality), a conclusion is that: Evocative use of language of the senses Hedonistic attitude No didacting aim Excessive attention to the self, perversity in subject matter.] Disenchantment with the society ofthe time. THE WRITENRS BELONG to the middle class, also reader belonge to the middle class, they had something in Sirculating libraries, people didn’t p[aid for read, the women had a lot of time to read, the took book, periodicals, ther was a sort of anger in reading, reading without spending money. Dickens started writing poems, and published in instalments, everyone could read it, an increas, keeping high th attention and the interesting in ewhat is appending. Actually he keep the attention high, people wait fro the next part of the story. The Victorian novel was realistic and analitic tan ks to the analitic knowledges, Victorian novel head a lot of fixtures. The novelist aim was to give a moral message, novestilsts felt they had a moral, and social responsability, they wanted to Didaptivism: spend time by teaching. The narrative technique, the narrator is omniscient, =he knows everytingh, he talks directly with the readers, good characters are reworded, while the bad one are punished.
