Scarica Matrimoni transnazionali tra Tudor e Stuart in Inghilterra e Scozia. e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! UNION BETWEEN TUDOR’S AND STUART’S DYNASTY After the War of the Roses, England decided to make a pact with Scotland, and this union was sealed by the marriage of King James IV of Scotland and Margaret Tudor, the daughter of King Henry VII of England. The marriage wasn’t happy with the improper behavior of James IV, a lover of women and parties. He died in 1513 at the Battle of Flodden and, thirty years later, his successor, his son James V, died at the Battle of Solway Moss. So, the future queen, Mary Stuart, only six days old, comes to the throne. Here begins the crisis that will involve Scotland and Edinburgh Castle, aggravated when Henry VIII obliges the territory to give his queen in marriage to his son Edward. Scotland does not accept and Henry decides to punish her for this grumpy act. In May 1544, he sent the fleets to Edinburgh, with many English soldiers whose purpose was to burn the city completely, to punish them for their treachery. This period of war is called the "Brutal Courtship", which lasts for eight years because the Scots do not give up: all scottish peaple entered in the castle, while outside the walls and around is plundered and burned. The defenders of the castle point the artillery on the roads to hit the English soldiers and manage to protect the castle and the little queen of just one year old. To protect Mary Stuart, she is sent to France, where she is betrothed to the heir to the French throne. In 1558, at the age of 15, they married and were crowned Queen of France. Just two years later, her husband dies of a mysterious illness and finds herself a widow in a foreign land. The mother of the King of France, Catherine de Medici, tells her that she was no more welcome. Mary Stuart, therefore, also eager to reclaim the throne as Queen of Scotland, returns to her land but receives a cold and detached welcome, as she was absent for many years and became Catholic. In 1560, she ascended the throne of Scotland and five years after his return, married for the second time a Scottish nobleman, as well as his cousin, Henry Stuart. She marries him both because she is attracted to him, but also for political reasons, as she believed that there would be an advantage in the succession of the throne over the Kingdom of England. Henry Stuart, however, is a spoiled man, with no interest in helping the queen to rule, spending his time drinking and in the company of women. His behaviour is disrespectful to the Scots and also makes the queen herself look bad. Despite the difficult cohabitation, in 1566, Maria became pregnant with her first child, although there are rumors that hhe was not the real father. Childbirth, at the time, led to death many times, so the queen writes three wills for her son, the future successor. Mary gives birth to James VI and she survives. A few days after the birth of his son, his father Henry is murdered and the body is found in a corner of the city. Mary is accused of being involved in his death and a civil war breaks out in Edinburgh. A group of Scots nobles forced her to abdicate in favor of her son James and Mary fled to England in 1568, hoping for the support of her cousin Elizabeth I, who had her arrested. Edinburgh is in chaos and is divided into two factions. In 1571, the troops of Elizabeth I march on Edinburgh, in favor of the supporters of James VI. After a month of bombing, they manage to enter the castle walls and James VI becomes king of Scotland, while his mother Mary remains a prisoner of the British for 19 years. In 1587 she was beheaded for plotting against Elizabetta I. When Elizabetta I died, Jacob VI was proclaimed his successor as his cousin and Scotland and England were finally united. LA DINASTIA TUDOR E DEGLI STUART Dopo la guerra delle due Rose, l’Inghilterra decide di stringere un patto con la Scozia e quest’unionie viene sigillata dal matrimonio fra re Giacomo IV di Scozia e la figlia del re Enrico VII d’Inghilterra, Margherita Tudor. Il matrimonio non fu felice per lo scorretto comportamento da parte di Giacomo IV, amante delle donne e delle feste. Muore nel 1513 nella battaglia di Flodden e, trenta anni più tardi, muore anche il suo successore, suo figlio Giacomo V, nella battaglia di Solway Moss. Dunque, al trono sale la futura regina, Maria Stuarda, di soli sei giorni. Inizia qui la crisi che coinvolgerà la Scozia e il castello di Edimburgo, aggravvata quando Enrico VIII obbligherà il territorio a dare la sua regina in sposa a suo figlio Edoardo. La Scozia non accetta ed Enrico decide di punirla per questo suo atteggimaneto scontroso. Nel maggio del
