La dinastia Tudor: 1485-1603, Appunti di Inglese

Scarica La dinastia Tudor: 1485-1603 e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! Tudor Monarchs: 1485 – 1603 ➢ first Tudor king: Henry VII → in 1485 the Wars of the Roses ended and Henry was crowned king of England, becoming the first Tudor king ➢ the Tudor dynasty heralded the exit from the Middle Ages and ushered Britain into Renaissance ➢ Renaissance: a new age of discoveries and cultural fluorishing but it had its wars anyway ➢ England built a powerful fleet that became a sea power and later built and empire ➢ the discovery of the American continent in 1492 by Columbus gave life to curiosity and brought new opportunities, starting a race to exploration ➢ England and Wales were already united but Scotland was still a separated kingdom that had its own royal family Henry VII: ➢ became king in 1485, after defeating Richard III ➢ was a great statesman and politician; under his rule England lived a log period of unbroken peace and prosperity (the army, the navy and the State Administration were put under the direct control of the monarch) ➢ used financial bonds to vinculate notables figures to the crown gaining their loyalty ➢ built strong alliances with Spain and France ➢ became paranoid after facing 2 rebellions and built en efficient spionage network ➢ he funded the English Humanism and promoted an artistic program Henry VIII: Henry VII’s son (divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived) ➢ had an elder brother called Arthur who died and was never king ➢ was athletic and cultured in his youth but power led him to a life of excesses ➢ he had alliances with the Catholic Church to fight Martin Luther and he was proclaimed DEFENSOR FIDEI by the Pope ➢ he married 6 times and executes 2 of his wives ➢ he wanted to divorce from his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, because she was not able to give him a male heir. Pope Clement VII refused to let him remarry with Anne Boleyn, a young noble woman ➢ 1534: Act of supremacy: he declared the Church of England indipendent from Rome, creating the Anglican Church which had protestant roots. The Church and its bishops were bujected to the authority of the king who was formally declared “Head of the Church” ➢ his policy met several opponents and the majority of them got executed by the king. Among them there are: Thomas More (a great humanist and the author of “Utopia”, and two of his wives Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard Edward VI: ➢ Henry VIII’s only son (with his third wiife Jane Seymour) ➢ became king at the age of 9 and reigned few years before dying at the age of 15 because of smallpox ➢ he was a radical protestant ➢ was worried about his elder sister Mary’s Catholicism and he declared her claim to the throne illegitimate putting Lady Jane Grey on the throne Mary I: ➢ daughter of Catherine of Aragon and later wife Philip II, king of Spain ➢ also known as “Bloody Mary” because she tried to make England Catholic again persecuting and killing protestants Lady Jane Grey: ➢ queen for only 6 days because she didn’t even want ot Elizabeth I: ➢ daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn (2°)