La Prima Rivoluzione Industriale, Schemi e mappe concettuali di Inglese

Scarica La Prima Rivoluzione Industriale e più Schemi e mappe concettuali in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! THE FIRST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Revolution = political and social change made by people Industrial Revolution: - Social - people changed their work, different living and working conditions. - Economical - were created factories, new type of work, new ways of producing things. Starts in the second part of eighteenth century Resources coming from its colonies - trading raw materials, receiving money, lots of people working in factories. 1 STEAM ENGINE (invented by Watt 2 FLYING SHUTTLE (weary cotton) TEXTILE INDUSTRIES 3 SPINNING JENNY All of them were water powered, they could do the work of several workers Factories were need to built because machines were large, so new factories were built near river or generally water. Urbanization of the cities, life wasn’t good but hey weren’t starving, so they could survive. Industrial workers were much well paid than rural ones. Coal was cheaper than charcoal Industrial revolution was made possible thanks to the advent of railways, roads, canals and steamship - raw materials and finished products could be moved faster and with a lower cost. People moved from country to towns, which were more densely populated and heavily polluted. Creation of trade unions because there were no more laws for workers and the new middle class. STEAM MACHINE It was invented during the first industrial revolution by Thomas Newcomen in 1705, and James Watt made big improvements in 1769. George Stephenson adapted it to the railways in 1829, with his idea he opened new avenues for trade, allowed the construction of new machines and made possible the mass migration. The steam engine is a machines that burns coal to release the heat energy it contains that warm the water inside a boiler/ kettle which produces steam. 1. Fire chamber were cola burns; 2. Boiler full of water that the fire heats up to make steam; 3. A cylinder and a piston : the steam from the boiler is piped into the cylinder causing the reciprocating movement; 4. The reciprocating movement is covered into rotational motion thanks to a crankshaft. SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Britain was the wealthiest state in the world. This revolution took place during the Victorian Era, in the middle of nineteenth century. The railways had caused a boom in the demand of coal and iron, because coal was necessary to fuel engines. Wealth spread and the standard of life improved, advances were made in health care as well as in democratic participation, education women’s rights. 1851 queen Victoria opened the great exhibition in London and showed the rest of the world the superiority of Great Britain. This exhibition was I Crystal Palace, you could see handicrafts, jewelry, cookers, tools… but the most important thing were machines that were working in front of people.