Scarica La Rivoluzione Industriale e il Romanticismo in Inghilterra e più Appunti in PDF di Spagnolo solo su Docsity! At the end of the 18th century, economic changes took place in England, the origins of this transformation can be traced back to the Black death, the rise in living standards that followed it and there was also an increase in the population. Economic activity was gradually diversified, especially through the manufacture of woollen cloth. People began acquiring goods for the house; The clothing of ordinary people also changed: Clothing marked the beginning of the Industrial Revolution due to the mass consumption of machine-made goods started. People also began to consume things for pleasure, like tabacco, tea, coffee... During the 18Th century there was a succession of technological innovations that transformed and improved the productivity of workers. The most important of this inventions are: ▸ the steam engine (1712) ▸ a more efficient spinning (1764) ▸ a powerful steam engine (1765) ▸ anew loom (1787) Heavy investment in technological development became linked to energy generated from coal. This changed the geography of the country, concentrating the new industrial activity near the coal fields of the Midlands and the North. People shifted from the rural South to the North and the Midlands, and small towns, were constructed to house the workers near the factories. Industrial cities lacked elementary public services. The air and the water were polluted by smoke and filth; the houses were overcrowded. Women and children were highly prized by employers because they could be paid less and were easier to control. Besides, the fact that the children were so small meant they could move more easily in mines. Industrial labour imposed new work patterns that were determined by the mechanised regularity of the machine and a rational division of labour. Long working hours, about 65-70 a week, discipline, routine and monotony marked the work of industrial laborers. Food prices rose, diet and health deteriorated with an increase in the mortality. Woollen=tipo particolare di lana Before: Nature was an abstract concept, a set of God’s wishes. Now: Nature is real and also a living being. Thanks to the higher value placed on sensibility, Romantic people understood the need to elaborate the theory based on the individual consciousness. Around 1850, a new sensibility came through. They were not like the Augustan poets, they were not so intellectuals, now poets are emotional. A new generation of poets established new trends like the subjective, the autobiographical material to describe a more personal experience of life. INDIVIDUALISM. This chance was due to the social change produced by the industrial revolution. People in the second half of the 18th century, had a new taste for desolation, ruins, graveyards, ancient castles, melancholy and death. Edmund Burke, held that the sublime is not a feature of nature, but a particular way of perceiving and interpreting it. The sublime is whatever excited the ideas of pain, danger or terror, FEAR, ANGUISC. The passion caused by the great and sublime in nature is Astonishment, in which all its motions are suspended, with some degree of horror. The inferior effects are admiration, reverence and respect. No passion effectually robs the mind of all its power of acting and reasoning as fear. Between the 18th and the 19th century, English Romanticism saw the prevalence of poetry, which is the best way to give expression to emotional experience and individual feelings. Thanks to imagination Romantic poets could see beyond surface, reality and discover a truth beyond the powers of reason. Imagination allowed the poet to re-create and modify the external world of experience. The poets were seen as visionary prophets or as teachers, who mediate between man and nature, to point out the evils of society... While in the Augustan age a child was important only as he would become an adult and a civilized being; during the Romantic Age, a child was purer than an adult because he was unspoilt by civilization. Childhood, was considered as a state to be admired and cultivated. The ‘cult of the exotic’ was the veneration of what was far away both in space and in time . The romantic poets welcome the remote and the unfamiliar in custom and social outlook. A new concept of natureTowards subjective poetry The sublime The romantic imagination The figure of the child The cult of the exotic
