La Rivoluzione Industriale nel XIX secolo durante l'era Vittoriana, Schemi e mappe concettuali di Inglese

Scarica La Rivoluzione Industriale nel XIX secolo durante l'era Vittoriana e più Schemi e mappe concettuali in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 19th CENTURY, VICTORIAN AGE (=QUEEN VICTORIA) During the 19th century England was the most powerful country in the world, it had ¼ of the world. The industrial revolution started at the end of the 18th century and changed the lives and the world: from an economic based on agriculture and handicraft products to an economic based on the industrial production on a large scale. It was possible with the invention of steam engine with coal. a) The agricultural revolution underpinned the industrial revolution because the food output increased, so the population increased. There was an application of machines in agriculture, so less people (and animals) were needed in the field. People moved from the countryside to the industrial towns where they worked in factories. b) Consequences of industrial revolution: • People moved to the industrial towns • Application of the steam engine to transportation and industrial productions c) Industrial towns were: horrible to live, dirty, unhealthy, polluted, overcrowded; there were bad healthy and safety conditions in factories, strict rules and strict punishments in factories. d) Before the industrial revolution the textile industry was called cottage industry: women produced textiles in the houses. With the revolution textiles were produced in factories with machines in a large scale e) Great Britain was the birthplace of the revolution because: • In England there was peace and economic & political stability (they didn’t need to produce arms) • In England iron and coal (a row material) were available in large quantities • A lot of wealth came from the colonies of the Empire • Inventors and engineers were considered very important and they were patronised (such as Marconi, who invented the radio. He proposed this invention to Italian government, but it didn’t listen to him, so he presented it to English government (his mother was English) which invested in it) Steam engine is a machine: coal was burned to produce heat, so water boiled into steam. The steam was captured and used to power a machine, such as trains. Trains were invented. They travelled 35 km/h. Initially the railway system wasn’t so developed, but in a small time it increased. Iron: with industrial revolution it started to be used, especially to build bridges, which before were made with wood.