La storia dell'Inghilterra medievale dal XII al XV secolo, Sintesi del corso di Inglese

Scarica La storia dell'Inghilterra medievale dal XII al XV secolo e più Sintesi del corso in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! INGLESE When William I died in England, a civil war,called the Anarchy broke out ,and after the death of the king Stephen,Harry II was crowned in 1154. He became the strongest king in Europe and his reign became the biggest,it stretched from the Scottish border to the south of France. When Harry II became king he introduced the scutage,a tax to pay professional soldiers in order to give the knight the possibilities to remain in their land. Harry II introduced the travelling royal judges,who administrated the justice in all the Empire. Harry II also introduced the common law which was a law based on previous cases and previous decisions. Harry also had the Constitution of Canterbury written,and with this constitution he stabilized that the Crown was supreme in civil matters and everybody in England were subjected to the Crown also the clergy,but Thomas Becket,the Archbishop of Canterbury,refused it and got killed by four knights.He became a martyr and a saint. When Harry II died in 1189 his son Richard called Lionheart succeeded him. Richard spent less than 1 year in England because he led the Third Crusade and when he died in 1199 his brother John,called Lackland,became king. John became really unpopular because in order to get more money to wage the war in France he collected higher taxes. He also sized land without any rights to do that. So the population started a revolt and asked the king to sign the Magna Carta,a charter demanding specific liberties,that was signed in 1215. When John died in 1216 his 9 years old son Henry III was crowned. He signed the final version of the Magna Carta in 1225 and he ordered the construction of the Palace of Westminster and a new Westminster Abbey. In 1258 some barons and knights led by Simon de Montfort the brother-in-law of Harry III asked Harry to summon a council made of barons and bishops to help him,and when he refused,in 1261a civil war broke out. It ended when Simon was killed. When Harry III died in 1272 his son Edward I was crowned. He summoned a council made of barons,bishops and representatives of the town. This was known as Modern Parliament,Edwanrd also conquered Wales and tried to conquer Scotland as well but he was opposed by William Wallace. Edward II succeeded his father but Queen Isabella deposed him and crowned their son Edward III. In 1337 Edward III claimed the crown of France because his mother was French king`s sister. This was the casus belli of the Hundred Years` War but the other reason of the war was that France was treathing Flanders,which was the chief market for English wool. The war was established in 1348 by a terrible plague which killed one third of Britanìs population. This war ended 1453 and the English lost all land they had in France.