(Lawrence: Sons and Lovers) and (Joyce: Dubliners), Appunti di Inglese

Scarica (Lawrence: Sons and Lovers) and (Joyce: Dubliners) e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! THE MODERN NOVEL The modern novelist rejected amniscent narration ans experimented new method to portray the individual consciousness. the viewpoint shifted from the external world to the internal. the analysis of a character's consciousness was influenced by the theories about the simultaneous existence of different levels of consciousness and sub- consciousness , where past experience is kept and the existence of past in the present determines the whole personality of each human being. So there isn’t the need to built a well structured plot, writing events in chronological order. It was not the passing of time that revealed the truth about characters. It might unfold in the course of a single day by observing the charcter’s action, or by what joyce called “epiphany” that is the sudden revelation of an interior reality caused by the most trivial events of everyday life. THE INTERIOR MONOLOGUE At the beginning of the 20th century the modern novelist writers gave more and more importance to subjective consciousness and understood it was impossible to reproduce the complexity of the human mind using traditional techniques, so they adopted the interior monologue to represent the unspoken activity of human mind before it is ordered in the speech. Interior monologue is often confused with the stream of consciousness but the interior monologue is the verbal expression of a psychic phenomenon while the latter is the psychic phenomenon itself. It is introduced by expressions like “he thought, he remembered” lack of chronological order, presence of subjective time, and the lack of rules of punotuation. There are 2 levels of narration: external and internal. There are 4 kind of interior monologue: indirect interior monologue where the author is present within the narration, the character’s thoughts can be presented both directly and by adding descriptions or comments. The character stays fixed in space while his consciousness moves in time. This concept of inner time shows the relativism of a subjective experience . Interior monologue with two levels of narration internal and external . Interior monologue with the mind level of narration where the character’s thoughts flow freely, not interrupted by external events. Extrem interior monologue used by joyce. The narration takes place inside the mind of the main character. DAVID HERBERT LAWRENCE David herbert lawrence was born in eastwood, in 1885. His father was a miner, he was a tall and handsome man. His enormous vitality had attracted a woman of a higher class, Lydia. David, escaped the miner's destiny. He studied hard to became a teacher and he had a begun writing poetry. When his brother, Ernest, died, David became the centre of his mother's emotional life. The story of their love is told in the authobiografical novel Sons and Lovers. The 1910 was a crucial year for Lawrence because his mother died. In the 1912 he met and fell in love with Frieda, the German wife of a French professor at University. They eloped to Germany and Italy, and married in 1914.Lawrence was a revolutionary force in the English novel because of his view of life as something truly organic, his fight against the mechanical and the artificial aspects of the industrial civilisation, his analysis of the relations between the sexs. He was deeply concerned with emotional life, and particularly with the emotions that come form alienation, a separation within the self. He considered man as a mixture of culture and biology. According to lawrence, the separation of human intellectual powers from natural impulses, can lead one to fall prey to degeneration. Of all the natural impulses, the sexual one is the strongest, so only a new relationship between men and woman based on sexuality can save humanity from self-destruction. Sex and history are two different aspects of the same reality. His concept of woman goes against the new social role they had acquired thanks to the movement for women's rights and during the war. he considered woman only an instrument for mankind's happiness. His female characters are sensitive girls who are aware of the essential "otherness" of their partners, whose intellectual and sexual supremacy they accept. Lawrence employed the traditional omniscient narrator, limiting his interventions the point of view is, that of the characters. SONS AND LOVERS Sons and Lovers is both a social and an Oedipal novel. It deals with Lawrence's personal experience in the working-class environment. Mrs Morel, the wife of a coal miner, is expecting her third child, Paul,who is the protagonist of the story. Her life with her husband has turned out to be a complete fiasco. The children are estranged from their father and strongly attached to their mother. Paul is her favourite, but the close relationship he has with his mother proves unsettling. He is unable to sustain a relationship with any woman; he rejects Miriam, his first girlfriend, because a physical relationship with her is impossible. Later on he has an affair with Clara Dawes, a married woman and even if they have a physical relationship,but a complete one is impossible. After Mrs Morel's death, Paul is torn between the wish to rejoin his mother in death or go on living. In the end he succeeds in shaking off his past. Paul's psychological development is influenced by his social context. His father is a miner and his mother belongs to a slightly higher social class. Mr Morel's estrangement from the emotional life of the family is due in part to this social difference, which alienates him from his own children and brings them closer to their mother. Moreover, his lack of education, makes it difficult for him to express his feeling. Mrs Morel is educated and determined, she symbolises what Paul hopes to achieve. JAMES JOYCE James Joyce was born in Dublin in 1882. He was educated at Jesuit School. He grew up a rebel. his interest was in a European culture, and this led him to begin to think of himself as European rather than an irishman.In 1904 he met and fell in love with Nora Barnacle, a twenty-year- old girl. they moved to italy, setting in Trieste where Joyce began teaching English. Joyce and Nora had two children, Giorgio and Lucia, and married in 1931. The years in Trieste were difficult, filled with financial problems. Dubliners, a collection of short stories all about Dublin and Dublin life was completed in 1905. The poet Ezra Pound helped Joyce print A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, his semi-autobiographical novel. Although Dubliners and A Portrait had estabilished him as a writer, they had done little to alleviate his financial difficulties. In 1922 he published Ulysses. Joyce went into voluntary exile, he set all his works in Dublin. His achievement was to give a realistic portrait of the life of ordinary people doing ordinary things, he succeeded in representing the whole of man's mental, emotional and biological reality and fusing it with the cultural heritage of modern civilisation. His hostility toward the Church consist in the battle between an aesthete-heretic-artist and a provincial Church which had taken possession of Irish minds. Joyce was almost blind. This physical problem was compensated by his sense of ear, and the sound of words was very important to him. Joyce was a Modernist writer. The facts became cofused, they are always explored from different points of view, and are presented as "clues" and not through the voice of an omniscient narrator. Joyce's stories and novels open in medias res, with the analysis of a particular moment and that the portrait of the character is based on introspection rather than on description. Time is not as objective but as subjective, leading to psychological change. Joyce believed in the impersonality of the artist. The artist's task was to render life objectively in order to give back to the readers a true image of it.