Scarica le caratteristiche dell'età vittoriana (in lingua inglese) e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! The victorian age takes its name from queen victoria,who reigned(reind) from 1837 to 1901. this was a complex era under some points of view: marked, on the one hand, by stability, progress and important social reforms; on the other hand, marked by poverty, injustice(ingiastis) and social and religious unrest. This period is usually divided(divaidid) into three different phases: What started(startid) the early Victorian period was the first reform act, and it was a period of great(greit) industrialization(indastrialaisescion), social conflict and reforms.During this phase britain come to be the first industrialised(indastrialaisd) country. During the mid-victorian period there was an increase(incris) in prosperity, better living standards and, thanks to industrialization, the growth(grouf) of the middle class and its values(valius). Victorians were great(greit) moralisers:they supported a code(coud) of values(valius) founded on personal duty,hard work,respectability and charity(ciariti). Finally,in the late victorian period all the contradictions of the era break out, bringing(brining) to a deeply pessimistic view of life. The Victorians were proud(praud) of their welfare(welfe), good manners and values and they were inclined(inclaind) to ignore the England’s problematics. The working class, for example, lived in slums(slams) where health(elf) problems, misery, squalor, crime and disease(disiis) were common. Moreover, poverty was seen as a crime by the Victorians so debtors(detors), like Dickens’s father were put in prison. This particular situation,which was characterised not only by prosperity, progress and wealth(welf) but also by disease and injustice, is conventionally called the ‘Victorian Compromise’(compromais). The Victorian age is also known as ‘the age of machinery’(mascinari) because the industrialisation process was accelerated(ecselereitid) by many technological improvements(impruuvmenz). In this period urbanization(arbanaisescion) increased(incrisid) and several of the cities and towns of the North and Midlands had life. In the first decades(decheiz) of the century, the effects of industrialisation were very negative for the poorer(purer) classes. the causes(cousis) of the malcontent were dreadful(dredful) living conditions, harsh working conditions in factories and mines(mainz), high food Prices(praisis) and economic crisis(craisis) and labourers began to organise (organais)themselves(demselvs) into working-class movements(muuvmenz) such as the so-called Chartism(ciartisism). Industrial expansion(ecspanscion) also brought(broot) great(greit) wealth for the ruling(riulung) classes and Britain became(bicheim) the principal industrial power in the world. The Great Exhibition(ecsibiscion) of 1851 at Crystal Palace in London illustrated(illustreitid) the pre-eminence(prieminens) of Britain among European nations(neiscions) With the rise(rais) in the level of poverty, workhouses(workaisis) were built(bilt) Workhouses were places for orphans or abandoned(abandond) children, the disabled(diseibold), the physically or mentally sick and unmarried mothers,moreover were places for people with no home or job, who earned their living by working in workhouses. Workhouses were usually big institutions(instituscions) and they had to provide(pruvaid) accommodation(accomodeiscion), food, clothing, doctors and medicine(medisin), work and wages(weigis), education and training(treining). On paper workhouses seemed(simd) to be a good solution to the problem of the destitute(destitiut) but in practice(practiis) they became(bicheim) places of abuse(abius) and misery. Families(familiis) were separated, rations(rascions) of food were limited and living conditions were often inhuman and unhealthy(anelfi). Inside the workhouses it was mandatory to wear a uniform and respect very strict rules, which if broken led to harsh and humiliating(iumilieting) punishments(paniscments).
