l'epoca vittoriana in Inghilterra , Appunti di Inglese

Scarica l'epoca vittoriana in Inghilterra e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! THE VICTORIAN AGE: (=1837-1901) Queen Victoria was a strong willer and she gave a new potrai of monarchy. She was the one who restored the reputation of monarchy bc the it was tarnished by the extravagance of the monarch that had come before her. She shaped a new role for the Royal Family She was really short but she had towering presence as a symbol of her empire and she was a symbol of a new era that was called in her honor: “Victorian Age” Life: She was born 24 May 1819 and her full name was Alexandrina Victoria and she was born to the Duchess of Kent. Her father was the fourth son of George III and she was fifth in line to the throne and she didn’t live in Buckingham Palace but she raised at Kensington Palace, but she was educated by her governess Baroness Lehezen. Her father died when she was young and her mother became a widow, but she was depended on John Conroy, a servant of her former husband and he influence her mother bc he want to take the throne Her uncles died and she became the heir to her uncle King William IV. She had an unhappy childhood bc she was dominated by strict rules known as the Kensington System and she wasn’t allowed to spend time by herself alone she was manipulate by John Corona bc he want to gain power. She became queen in 20 June 1837, she succeeded her uncle William IV when she turned 18. Victoria moved to Buckingham Palace making it her official royal residence in London. She began her wink by exiling her mother to live in distant room bc she didn’t want to spend more time with her and she banned John Conroy from her state apartments. Queen Victoria became the richest woman in the world bc the Parliament (=le pagava) an annuity. In 10 February 1840 Victoria fell in love with her first cousin Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg (=he came from Germany) when he visited Britain in 1839. The relationship was a passionate one and Victoria often lost her temper with her new husband and they often fight. The queen was the target of 8 attempts to kill her during her lifetime In the first attempt a teenager, Oxford, who was sent to Bedlam (=the state criminal asylum) and everyone were judged to have metal health illnesses. A NEW ROYAL FAMILY: Victoria fell pregnant soon after her wedding but she hated childbirth and suffered postnatal depression, despite this she had 9 children with Albert. She was a diplomat and she helped them to marry into the royal families in Europe to create (=matrimoni combinati) Victoria carried the hemophilia gene. 1 In 7 september 1858: Victoria with the assistance of Albert created a newly visible constitutional monarchy Victoria became patron of 150 institution, including dozen of charities= she understood the importance to be close to her (=sudditi), in fact she was a well loved queen. The death of Albert: in 14 December 1861 died at the age of 42. The Queen was inconsolable with grief and wore pouring for the rest of her life and she withdrew (=ritirò) from public life after Albert’s death, but after she kept up with her correspondence to give audiences to ministers and official visitors. EMPRESS: she became the Empress of India to tie the monarchi and Empire closer together in 1877. She accepted the title on the advice of her seventh prime minister Disraeli. The end of victorian age with the death of Victoria in 1901 her son and heir Edward VII was at her deathbed. The queen ruled so much time and she ruled over an Empire that covered a quarter of the entire globe (=400 million people) She was succeeded by her son Edward VII (1901-1910) and when she requested that Albert’s plaster cast of his hand be placed in her coffin (= un calco della mano di Alberto venne riposta nella sua bara) She redefined the role of the queen and the royal family and she with her husband understood the importance to stay close to the common people. CHARACTERISTIC OF THE VICTORIAN AGE: TWO FACED REALITY The victorian Age was an age of important social and political reforms, of technological and scientific progress and Britain became the most powerful nation in the world with its colonial expansion Queen Victoria was loved especially by the middle class for her moral code and bc she ruled constitutionally, in fact she respected the Parliament decisions and acting as a mediator above party politics (= Liberals and the Conservatives, who alternated in government) This allowed: material progress, imperial expansion and political reform ➞ HER REIGN WAS BALANCE Two-faced reality because it was a period of great contrast even if there was a political balance. THE GREAT EXHIBITION: it gave prestige to GB and displayed the wonders of industry and science and it was organized in Crystal Place in Hyde Park in 1851 It was used to show to the world the great progression of this nation and how much it was powerful and great It showed some of the most important British technological innovations and increased the power of the middle class: ✿ invention of the stem locomotive ✿ development of the railways the invention of telegraph POLITICAL REFORM: The other face of the victorian age reality➞ for the working class was done very little at the begging, but then this period was very important to the society. Reform Bill (1832)= the first reform to the right of vote(= ma il diritto di voto venne dato ai proprietari terrieri agli shop workers ), so it was gave the right of vote only to middle class, so little had done for the working class 2 Education 1880 = the education was considered obligatory • Learn how to write and read There are a lot of poor people that They were not educated → aumentò la domanda per the reading materials • Books were really expensive, so they started to be published in serial • Everyone had to read novels → higher, middle and the working clas CHILDHOOD Childhood was very importance during this period, beacuse it was a very precarious phase. Children were entertained with some moral stories, as Alice’s adventures in the Ownderland… They had to go to school up to 10 years → scuola obbligatoria THE BRITISH EMPIRE The GB began to expand starting with Queen Elizabeth, but Victoria became the greatest emptiness → Gb consolidated the possession in Canada, Australia… but it also acquire new territories. When the British empire came to the biggest point the colonies started to influence the economy of GB → raw materie all were exported in GB and permitted the development of the country. The British consolidated their possessions in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Caribbean and acquired new territories such as Hong Kong and new lands in Africa and South East Asia The British came in contact with different cultures and during the reign of Victoria they had an areas of 4 million people and 400 million squares miles The presence of the colonies affected the economy of Britain EMPIRE OF INDIA The British empire was at its greates, not only in terms of extension but also in terms of commercial and political influence and it became the wealthiest country in the world and in 1877 Victoria beacuse empress of India, the jewel of GB. PROPAGANDA The support for the British colonial expansion was achieved thanks to picture and images of the queen came from social media → she was represented in a realistic way = importance to be close to the population. The great propaganda for the British empire was given thanks to the media → newspaper and magazine. • Es. The queen was represented with her servants Abdul Karim in a very natural way The support at home for British colonial expansion was achieved through the massive and effective use of the media and popular entertainment (from public ceremonies to music halls where music and songs pro Empire were very popular) Queen Victoria was the first queen to use photography as a form of propaganda, but she became a familiar figure to the people She was often respresented in a realistic way wearing simple clothes, with a real face showing the passing of time In this picture she’s represented with her servant Abdul Karim in a very natural way. It was normal to have an Indian servant She was depicted in a very natural pose with her servant who comes from India 5 6