MODERNISMO, JAMES JOYCE e VIRGINIA WOOLF, Appunti di Inglese

Scarica MODERNISMO, JAMES JOYCE e VIRGINIA WOOLF e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! JAMES JOYCE: James Joyce was born in Dublin in 1882. He received a humanistic education from the Jesuits. His vocation as a writer is revealed when he writes the Epiphanies, a collection of short lyrical poems. In 1914 he began the novel Ulysses, published in Paris in 1922. He remained in Paris for about twenty years, but at the beginning of the Second World War he moved to Zurich, where he died. STILE. Joyce, influenced by French symbolists, believed in the artist’s impersonality. The artist’s task was to objectively render life to give readers a true image of it, isolating the artist from society. Joyce used different viewpoints and narrative techniques to express his point of view. His style, his technique and his language developed from realism, through the points of view of the characters, through the use of direct and free speech. ULYSSES: Ulysses is the story of a day, June 16, in 1904. Joyce chose that date because it was the day that Nora Barnacle, his future wife, realized she was in love with him. In the novel Leopold Bloom is a petty bourgeois, committed to cheating on his wife Molly by whom he is betrayed. Ulysses was designed as a detailed account of ordinary life on a normal Dublin day and Joyce planned each movement of each character. As a result, Dublin becomes a character in this novel. It is possible to identify the correspondences between the characters of Homer's Ulysses and those of Ulysses: Ulysses is Leopold, as in Homer’s Ulysses, also in Joyce’s, the hero represents the adventure of man in the world. The protagonist, traveling, builds his own identity. In addition, Joyce’s work has as a reference point the culture and history of humanity (which in Homer's Ulysses was represented by the different lands explored by Ulysses, in the work of Joyce from different personalities that the hero meets). TEMI. The theme of the novel is moral: human life means suffering, falling but also struggling to get up and seek the good. STILE. Joyce used a flashback, word suspension, dramatic dialogue, and event juxtaposition, in random order. In Odysseus, Joyce used a direct interior monologue in which the narrator seems not to exist; he used two different types of direct interior monologue: the one with two narrative levels, one outside the character’s mind and the other inside. The language used images, contrasts, paradoxes, juxtapositions, interruptions and symbols. DUBLINERS: STRUTTURA. Dubliners consists of 15 stories. In the first three stories, which make up the section on childhood, Joyce employs a first-person narrator, who remains anonymous. This narrator describes events from the boy’s point of view; this allows the reader to penetrate the boy’s mind. For the other 12 stories tell of the central years of the characters and their social, political or religious events; there is a third person narrator. The narrator tends to disappear into the interior monologue, which is in the form of free direct speech: the thoughts of the protagonist are introduced freely. This allows the reader to acquire a direct knowledge of the mind of the character. The language is simple and objective. PERSONAGGI. Everyone in Dublin seems desperate and cannot escape because they are spiritually weak. Eveline is a perfect example, because instead of choosing a new life with her boyfriend, decides to stay in Dublin, for the promise made to the mother. REALISMO E SIMBOLISMO. The description in each story is realistic, with many external details. The use of realism is mixed with symbolism, as the outer details have a deeper meaning. L’USO DEL EPIFANIA. Joyce used a technique called epiphany, which is the "sudden spiritual manifestation" caused by an external object that reveals the interior truths of the character. Each episode has a precise meaning, because every moment contains traces of the past and the future. EVELYNE: Evelyne is one of fifteen short stories by Dubliners. The story can be divided into two sections, the part where Evelyne makes considerations about her life; and the part where Evelyne’s moral failure is highlighted. The story takes place in the living room of the house where Evelyne lives with her family. She is tired and is afraid of her father because he is a violent man. Frank is Evelyne’s boyfriend who offers her to run away together, but there is no good relationship between Frank and his father, in fact the father fears that Evelyne may move away from the family, So he must choose between: a future away from his family with Frank; or be with his family and the environment in which he grew up. VIRGINIA WOOLF: Virginia Woolf was born in London in 1882, her father was a Victorian literary, so Virginia grew up in a literary and intellectual atmosphere. Her mother’s death in 1895 deeply affected her. She then began to rebel against her father’s aggressive and tyrannical character and his idealization of the domesticated woman. It wasn't until her father’s death in 1904 that Virginia felt free to start her own life and literary career. He decided to move to Bloomsbury where he became a member of the Bloomsbury Group, which despised traditional morality and respectability victory. In 1912, Virginia married Leonard Woolf, and in 1915 she published The Voyage Out, her first novel, which is still traditional. During this time he entered a nursing home and attempted suicide by taking drugs. In 1925 she published Mrs Dalloway. Virginia was also a literary critic and a brilliant essayist, as shown by her volume of literary essays, The Common Reader (1925). In 1929 she gave two lectures at Cambridge University, which later became A Room of One’s Own, a work of great impact on the feminist movement. In it he explored many issues related to women and writing, but above all insisted on the inseparable link between economic and artistic independence. The Second World War increased her anxiety, she became obsessed with the fear of losing her head, in fact, in 1941 she drowned in the River Ouse. Virginia was interested in giving voice to the interior world of feeling and saw the human personality as a continuous shift of impressions and emotions. So what mattered was the impression they left on the characters. In his novels the narrator disappears and the point of view shifts within the minds of the different characters through flashbacks. His contribution to Modernism is made clear by a statement in his essay Modern Novels. MRS DALLOWAY: TRAMA. The novel was published in 1925. The story tells a day in the life of Clarissa Dalloway, an English woman of high society living in London. The story begins at 10 am on a Wednesday in June in 1923, when Clarissa heads to Bond Street to buy flowers for a party she is planning for the same evening at her home. Clarissa meets Septimus Smith, a First World War veteran, and his wife Lucrezia. Septimus suffers from mental disorders because during the war he saw his best friend Evans die; for this reason he is forced by his wife to have sessions with psychiatrist William Bradshaw. When Clarissa returns home, receives the visit of Peter Walsh, her suitor, who she had refused. Walsh leaves for Regent’s Park, where he sees Septimus throwing himself out the window from the psychiatrist’s office, because he didn't want to be locked up in a clinic. At the party, Clarissa discovers the news and despite not knowing him, she feels a strong sense of unease, a strong connection with him. AMBIENTAZIONE. Used the "tunneling technique", allows the reader to experience the memory of the past of the characters. Clarissa’s party is the center of the novel because it brings together all the people Clarissa thinks about during the day. PERSONAGGI. Clarissa is the wife of a conservative, Richard Dalloway, who has conventional views on politics and women’s rights. The influence of a possessive father weakens Clarissa and divides her into two: her need for freedom and independence and her class consciousness. His life seems to be an attempt to overcome his weakness and sense of failure. There is no connection between Clarissa and Septimius in the plot, except the news of her death at her party. However, they are similar because both depend on their partners. But Clarissa never loses her awareness of the outside world as something external to her. TEMI. The novel deals with how people react to new situations such as the spread of newspapers, the increasing use of cars and the success of cinema. Virginia makes use of some cinematic devices, such as close-ups and flashbacks. He also uses the sound of Big Ben and clocks, and compares the passing of time in life to his passing into death. STILE. For Virginia, subjective reality is identified with the "flow of consciousness" technique. Virginia never leaves the thoughts of her characters out of control, and maintains a logical and grammatical organization, in a third-person narrative, giving the impression of a connection between past and present. Similar to the "epiphanies" of Joyce are the "moments of being" of Virginia, the occasions of intuition during the daily life of the characters in which they can see the reality behind the appearances. The use of Virginia’s words is almost poetic, to express even the most intimate feelings.