Understanding Hard and Soft News: The Role of Seriousness and Timeliness in Journalism - P, Dispense di Lingua Inglese

Scarica Understanding Hard and Soft News: The Role of Seriousness and Timeliness in Journalism - P e più Dispense in PDF di Lingua Inglese solo su Docsity! The terms hard and soft news are based on the concepts of the seriousness (encompasses topics such as politics, economy, war, disasters, accidents, and also science, technology and law) and timeliness (refers to the immediacy of these stories, for example the progress of war, the result of the vote or the deaths in an accident) of a story. HARD NEWS refers to stories which combine both these aspects, that is recent stories about events, conflicts or problems that have just occured, such as crimes, disasters and protests (it can also refer to events which are about to happen, such as elections and sport events). Hard news is usually an account of what happened, why it happened, attempts to resolve the situation and how the reader will be affected. Broadsheets will be more concerned with politicians and people in the world area. Source: «The Daily Telegraph» (2nd June 2022)→ national British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed across the United Kingdom and internationally + reaches an audience across a range of ages, however, the overall average age of the consumers is just 46 With the aid/help of market research, newspapers construct and cultivate an IMPLIED READERSHIP, a stereotypical and homogeneous group, which has an important role. Having defined its readership (politically conservative + reputation for high-quality journalism and has been described as being "one of the world's great titles"), the newspaper can orient itself in relation to the news in a way which is coherent and appeals to the beliefs of the readership. Further, defining their ideal readers allows newspapers to identify and develop a particular angle, the emphasis or approach to an event which helps make the purpose of the resulting story clear, with a well-defined focus and becomes the basis for the nucleus of the story. CAPTION = the description which is found accompanying a photo, table or graph + words/sentences/title right below a picture that give more information about it and can help the reader to know the overall idea of the text + explanation accompanying a picture = THE QUEEN IS CAPTURED IN A RELAXED POSE ON A WINDOW SEAT AT WINDSOR CASTLE IN A PHOTOGRAPH ISSUED LAST NIGHT TO MARK BRITAIN’S FIRST PLATINUM JUBILEE (a new photograph issued/released last night, 1st June 2022, shows the Queen wearing a dove/light blue coat with shiny pearl and diamante scalloped/embellished beading/sewing + the relaxed image captures the Queen looking comfortable and content, with her hands folded on her lap) ✱ BY-LINE = the name of the writer printed at the top of a story = by HANNAH FURNESS→ Arts and Royal Correspondent + FLAG = the newspaper’s name (THE DAILY TELEGRAPH) and logo (inline blackletter form + the new design manages to capture historical accuracy, without seeming archaic, with high contrast giving it a dignified statute at large sizes) at the top of a story accompanied by a slogan/statement (BRITAIN’S BEST QUALITY NEWSPAPER = the paper's motto, "Was, is, and will be", appears in the editorial pages and has featured in every edition of the newspaper since 19th April 1858) FILLER = short news items used to fill spaces in the news columns + stories, information and pictures that are not important but are used to fill a page in a newspaper or magazine + DATELINE = the line at the beginning of a story giving the place and date (Thursday 2nd June 2022 + https://www.telegraph.co.uk/ + number 51,957 + £2.80) + BANNER = a headline in large print which runs across the entire width/wideness of the first page + PUFFS or BLURBS = colour bands or titles which advertise important stories inside the paper or in a supplement, this practice is increasingly popular in both printed and online papers, it is an instance of the influence of web design on printed editions→ YOUR DEFINITIVE JUBILEE GUIDE, EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE HISTORIC FOUR-DAY CELEBRATION (pages 4 & 5) JUMPLINE = the line which indicates the page number where a story continues HEADLINE = bold print and telegraphic/sensational wording + large font size + written by the editor/sub-editor→ WE LOOK TO THE FUTURE WITH CONFIDENCE AND ENTHUSIASM = it summarises the most salient aspects of the reported event in terms of newsworthiness, which are then developed in the lead/story satellites + use of short/loaded words + emotionally charged lexis, with connotation that goes beyond the literal meaning 1 The Queen has also given her staff a 5% pay rise to help them through the cost of living crisis. KICKER/LEAD = a short headline, in smaller type, under the main headline→ THE QUEEN LAUNCHES HER PLATINUM JUBILEE CELEBRATIONS WITH A MESSAGE OF HOPE TO THE NATION (the present simple, a timeless tense, is the one most often found, and is used where a past tense might be expected) Events presented in more familiar and personal terms become more newsworthy than those involving large impersonal groups, news very often focuses on the experiences of individuals involved in events to personalise the story, rather than the event itself (PERSONAL MESSAGE→ high level of newsworthiness + the Queen’s message is intended as a simple one of celebration, wishing the public a happy bank holiday = giorno festivo + SHE RENEWED HER PLEDGE FIRST MADE IN 1947 = devoted vow/promise). ✱ Her Platinum Jubilee photograph was taken by Ranald Mackechnie in the Victoria Vestibule at Windsor Castle last week, it shows the castle’s Round Tower in the background, with a statue of Charles II visible Verbal processes: DIRECT SPEECH (the actual words used by the speaker appear in quotation marks, more likely to be found quoting celebrities or people in a position of power, and may reinforce the newspaper's prestige and image as having access to well-known people) + REPORTED SPEECH (the original words are reformulated and/or edited and are attributed to the speaker) + neutral verb say, it doesn't impose an opinion on the sayer + EXPRESS REFERENCE TO A SOURCE WHICH IS NOT THE REPORTER + allows reporters to express their own point of view by citing other people, who may be witnesses or experts, whose opinion coincide with the reporter’s, and who cannot be contested + QUOTING = there is greater prestige/exclusiveness in the use of direct quotations from newsmakers or sources, compared with transcribing their words into reported speech + the more elite/exclusive the expert or witness is considered to be, the more likely it is that his/her words will be reported directly + this use of direct quotation implies that the newspaper was a witness to events, or has documented the story well by accessing all sources from witnesses to the experts. The majority of stories, however, use attributed or unattributed reported speech. By far the greatest proportion of words spoken in interviews and conferences are converted into reported speech. This allows the reporter more flexibility in writing and greater control over the story angle and development. 2