Scarica oliver Cromwell e la monarchia e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! Oliver Cromwell THE MONARCHY WAS OVER > IT WAS REPLACED BY REPUBLIC. It was abolished the House of Lords and censorship was introduced. The leader was Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658); he was an English general who led armies of Parliament of England against Charles I, during the English Civil War. He was a puritan (a dissenter) > he wanted a pure church He behaved like a dictator because there was not much freedom. He was strict. There were many religious fights. He took a New Model Army to Ireland for a campaign of repression and there was a slaughter (eccidio) of the citizens of Drogheda > he led the invasion of Ireland, landing in Dublin on the 15th of August 1649. At Drogheda his men killed many people, including Royalists’ soldiers, as well as hundreds of civilians and Catholic priests. Cromwell defeated the Scottish Royalists, who had crown Charles II (Charles I’ son), king of Scotland. Charles managed to escape to France and so Cromwell gave himself the tile of “Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland”. In 1655 Cromwell divided the country into eleven military regions under major generals > England and Wales were divided into eleven regions, each one governed by a major-general who answered to the Lord Protector. The rule of the major generals was et hup by Cromwell by his orders to the army and not supported by parliamentary legislation. His goal was threefold: to identify, tax and disarm the Royalists. Like Cromwell, the major generals were committed puritans and part pf their job was to try to make England godlier. They repressed what they considered a bad behavior such as drinking, music, dancing and they also tried to stop Christmas celebrations. Cromwell banned Christmas and Easter and they were replaced by days of fasting. In fact, the major general’s rule is regarded as a military dictatorship Puritans’ rules were introduced: - Execution for adultery - Abolition of popular pastimes, games, theatre, dancing performances - Inns, pubs, and theatres were closed The Puritans follows Calvinist’s ideas. Simple, disciplined life of prayer, study, and work > demonstrated that they were God’s chosen. Presbyterians wanted elected ministers. Congregationalists (originally called Independents) said that > the right and duty of the individual is to seek personal God through prayer and biblical study. Religion entered every aspect of life, even clothing and leisure. Religious unity was considered essential to the welfare of the society and discussion and reading of religious topics were common to all ranks of the society. The Church was the auditorium for the pulpit (predicazione)and sermons acquired a political and religious significance, reaching a wider audience by being published. Anglicanism stressed outward manifestations of the faith: It emphasized the beauty of the church and supported the traditional hierarchy within the church, in particular the bishops. During Elizabethan’s reign, puritans had complained - Against ecclesiastical rituals - About scholarly interpretations of the Scriptures saying that everyone could understand God’s will from reading the Bible
