Understanding Production Process & Sectors: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary, Sintesi del corso di Inglese

Scarica Understanding Production Process & Sectors: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary e più Sintesi del corso in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! INTERROGAZIONE INGLESE SECTORS OF PRODUCTION The process of production Is divided in different sectors and there are mainly 3 but there is the 4 one that is a little bit modern -Primary—is the extraction or production of raw materials from the nature and for example (mining, forestry, fishing, farming, husbandry) -secondary—is the transformation of these raw materials that gets turned into finished or semifinished products, for example (the manufacturing of goods, or the generation of power and the production of petrol) -Tertiary—which is based of the services so it’s the sector which makes up the largest of the economy in developed countries. These services for example can be (personal (medical service), commercial (transport), social (education) -quaternary sector—which refers to all the intellectual activities for example the ICT— (information and communication technologies) The interdependence between sectors is known as the production chain. It consists of the various stages involved in the production of a particular product and each stage adds value to the final product. THE PRODUCTION PROCCESS IT’S the way in which a business develops products from primary products to outputs or finished goods . GOODS—are also known as wares, it’s the final product of the production process. It’s tangible so you can see it and touch it, and it can be durable for example electronic devices or non durable it means that they have a short life like medicines or food. SERVICES—they are not tangible so they can’t be touched or seen an they are benefits or assistance provided to the costumer. For example (lawyers or doctors) INPUTS—are all of the resources that the industrial production needs to obtain a certain output (for example raw materials, finance, information) OUTPUTS—it’s what also are the goods and services that are made at the end of the production process. And the goal of the company is the productive efficiency which is the production number of outputs just using the minimum number of inputs to gain more profits. NEEDS AND WANTS Our life and the economy system are founded on needs and wants. NEEDS—are essential for our life’s and they are for example clean water, food, clean clothes, shelter and protection from heat and cold, and also protection from disease. WANTS—which are not-necessary for our life but they can make our lifestyle better for example car or brand-new clothes which are not essential for our life but our life will get better if we will have those things. There are some things that in the past they were thought as wants but now they are seen as needs, like a car, a smartphone, some electronic gadgets. FACTORS OF PRODUCTION They are 4 - LAND- is the physical space occupied by a company and at the same time includes the resources above or below - LABOUR—is the human input in the process, that is needed to produce the output - CAPITAL—is divided in production capital (includes all the machinery and the equipment that is needed for the production process). Resources capital that is for example the space occupied by a company - ENTERPRISE—is made up of entrepreneurs who come up with innovative ideas to improve the efficiency. They merge the other factors of production and the reward is the profit made from running the business. TRADE AND COMMERCE COMMERCE- is the most common word that includes all the steps of the moving goods from the point of production to the point of purchase. Commerce has more steps than trade. Such as: -warehousing – place where goods are stored, COMPANIES need them because they have to store the goods there during the time gap between production and consumption of products. -transport—goods often need to be transported to the consumer usually from a place of low demand to a place with a greater demand -logistic-the flow of goods, information and other resources -distribution- it’s that process that supply goods for the retailers -insurance-covers the risk and compensates for possible losses or damage - banking—the banks interact with companies and they play an important role. They offer a number of financial services such as loans and credit lines THE DISTRIBUTION CHAIN Final goods and services are moved in 2 ways from the companies to the costumers. It can be moved directly for example when company sales directly their products to the costumers. INDIRACTLY, when the company for example sales through intermediaries such as wholesalers, Agents, brokers, retailers. In the past, the indirect distribution channel was the most widespread. Due to the lack of storage space which limited quantities, retailers were heavily dependent on wholesalers for the holding and distribution of goods. Today, traditional wholesalers are disappearing as many retail stores are part of a multiple chain or buy goods directly from the manufacturer at a lower price. these are now in sharp decline due to supermarkets, department stores and hypermarkets, which sell a wide variety of products at more competitive prices. The rise of e-commerce, factory outlets and farmers' markets *, where producers sell their products directly to consumers, also means that direct distribution is becoming more widespread. GREEN ECONOMY The United Nations Program has defined the green economy "as one that results in an improvement in human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities". which means that a reduction in carbon emissions and pollution, an efficient use of energy and resources and the prevention of biodiversity loss must accompany economic growth. Fair Trade Not all trade is fair. The goal of fair trade is to negotiate a decent price for goods that will cover production and ensure a viable income, as well as establish long-term contracts that offer security. Another important aspect of fair trade is providing the necessary support and education so that producers and workers have the skills to develop their business and protect their environment for the future. The fair-trade movement also strives to change the regulations of conventional international trade and works to raise consumer awareness of trade issues in developing countries. In recent years, consumers have become more aware of the treatment of small farmers and producers in less developed countries and the demand for fair trade products has increased. JOB APPLICATIONS There are many different ways to find out about job opportunities PRESS / INTERNET Recruitment announcements can be published in the press, such as local, national and international newspapers, and on theirs Web sites. Some documents have a specific day for recruiting and / or different sectors. Some sites are free, while others require a fee. COMPANY WEBSITES Companies also post their vacancies on their websites, it's good to look at them frequently, especially when you are interested in a specific industry or company POSITIONING AGENCIES Companies can use a private recruiting agency to carry out the selection process on their behalf. These agencies advertise the position in their agency, on their website, and through the other means mentioned here. They can then submit all candidate CVs to the company for review or make an initial selection. JOBCENTRE PLUS Jobcentre Plus, are publicly funded agencies aimed at helping people find a job, often those who have been unemployed for a long time. HEAD HUNTERS Headhunters, who can work independently or as part of an agency, can be used to fill well-paid executive positions, where very specific skills and a lot of experience are required. Headhunters often have a roster of high-profile candidates who can quickly propose a position.