Programma Lingua e Traduzione Inglese 1 - Primo Anno, Dispense di Lingua Inglese

Scarica Programma Lingua e Traduzione Inglese 1 - Primo Anno e più Dispense in PDF di Lingua Inglese solo su Docsity! LINGUA E TRADUZIONE INGLESE 1 SIMPLE CONTINUOUS PERFECT SIMPLE PERFECT CONTINUOUS PRESENT eat, eats am/is/are eating have/has eaten have/has been eating PAST ate was/were eating had eaten had been eating FUTURE will eat will be eating will have eaten will have been eating FALSE FRIENDS ● Sensible: sensitive (teeth; topic; person (vulnerable or empathetic)). “Sensible” means “making good decisions”: driving or drinking sensibly. ● Control: check (homeworks). “Control” is used to talk about someone’s temper (“Control your temper”, “Someone out of control”). ● To insist (to insist on doing something). ● Pretend does not mean “request” → “fingere”. ● Accurate does not mean “careful” → “precise (as necessary)”; according to necessary dimensions, directions. ● Important is never used to talk about problems. A “serious/real/big problem”. “Important” is used for people, things… there’s no such thing as an important problem/injury… ● Agenda: list of things that need to be discussed. ● Sympathetic does not mean the italian “simpatico” but “comprensivo”. You can’t be a sympathetic, you can be sympathetic just in certain situations. ● To take is never used with anything that you consume. You can take a walk, take a shower, but you can’t take a coffee. You have a coffee, you have a coke… ● Morbid does not mean “soft” (morbido): thinking of dark depressing things, being pessimistic. ● “I’m arriving!”: to arrive is a verb of position, not movement; you can’t use this expression as it is used in italian. You use “Iì’m coming!”, “I’m on my way!”. IDIOMS “AS… AS…” ● As warm as toast. “It was cold outside, but in the pub it was as warm as toast.” ● As quick as a flash ● As bold as brass ● As good as gold ● As easy as pie ● As cool as a cucumber ● As free as a bird ● As white as a bird ● As tough as old boots. “...but she’s as tough as old boots!” ● As old as the hills. “The Queen is as old as the hills.” ● As red as a beetroot. “I was so embarrassed! I went red as a beetroot.” ● As thick as a plank. “Is he clever? No, he’s thick as a plank.” ● As pretty as a picture ● As snug as a bug in a rug ● As keen as mustard. “I know that all my students are keen as mustard.” ● As fresh as a daisy. “I slept well, and felt fresh as a daisy in the morning.” ● As light as a feather ● As poor as a church mouse. “When I was a student I was as poor as a church mouse.” ● As smooth as silk ● As strong as an ox ● As quiet as a mouse ● As pleased as punch ● As solid as a rock ● As flat as a pancake ● As mad as a hatter ● As sober as a judge ● As drunk as a lord. “My friend was as drunk as a lord on his birthday.” ● As hard as nails ● As right as rain. “Is everything OK? Yes, right as rain.” ● As brave as a lion ● As busy as a bee ● As thin as a rake. “You should eat more! You’re as thin as a rake!” IDIOMS “... AND …” ● Home and dry ● Done and dusted ● Safe and sound ● Peace and quiet ● Loud and clear ● Fame and fortune ● Free and easy ● You and yours ● Flesh and blood ● Doom and gloom ● Facts and figures ● Well and truly ● Head and shoulders ● Spick and span ● Chalk and cheese ● Hit and miss ● First and foremost ● Short and sweet ● Up and about ● Out and about PREPOSITIONS Rule: At + clock time (at 9.30) In + part of the day (in the afternoon) On + part of a particular day (on Sunday morning) On + particular day (on Sunday) At + weekend, public holiday (at Easter, at the weekend) In + longer period (in 1960, in June) NO PREPOSITIONS WHEN: - I’ll see you next Friday. - I’m not free this Monday. - Tell me what time it starts. - Let’s meet one weekend. - I train every day. - She phoned this evening. - Don’t approach the dog. - If you don’t know, ask John. - Let’s discuss your plans. - Nobody entered the room. - The soup lacks salt. - She married him last year. Examples: ● I arrived at the station at six. ● She’s very good at languages. ● Congratulations on your success. ● The bus crashed into a tree. ● It all depends on the weather. ● I’d like details of/about your courses. ● I divided the cake into three parts. ● Why is she dressed in black? ● This is an example of his work. ● There’s no increase in prices. ● I’m interested in most sports. ● He was very kind to her. ● I’m looking for a place to live. ● He has to look after his mother ● My sister is married to a builder. ● He wasn’t very nice to me. ● Have you paid for the drinks? ● We need proof of his story. ● What’s the reason for the change? ● You remind me of your brother. ● Who’s responsible for security? ● I didn’t take part in/at the meeting. ● Could you translate this into/from Greek? ● That’s just typical of you. ● I’m reading a novel by Dickens. ● In my opinion you’re wrong. ● Who’s the man in the picture? ● I love walking in the rain. ● Don’t talk in that silly voice. ● The answer’s on page 29. FUTURE FORMS ● WILL: desire, want. “It’s a difficult book, but I will finish it.” / expression of decision. “I’ll have the spaghetti.” / simple fact for the future. “They say it will be raining tomorrow.” / typical everyday habits. “I’ll wake up at 9, will have breakfast…” / irritating habits of others. “She will smoke in the house.” ● GOING: intention. “I’m going to study really hard this weekend.” / sense of inevitability. “Look at that black cloud. It’s going to piss down.” ● PRESENT CONTINUOUS: this is the most common future form. Used for anything organised, booked; anything fixed with another person. “What are you doing this weekend? I’m seeing Anna.” ● FUTURE CONTINUOUS: specific time. / general future time: what we expect to be happening in our lives. “By Christmas I will be skiing like a pro.”, “This time next week, I’ll be working in my new office.” ● 1^ CONDITIONAL ● SHALL: questions. “What shall we do later?” / simple 1st person fact. “I shall be late.” ● PRESENT SIMPLE: timetables, schedules. “Come on! The train leaves in 5 minutes.” ● “TO BE”, “TO DO”: more formal (instruction, formal schedule information). “All students are to use pencils in the exam.”, “The president is to open the conference at 2pm.” PASSIVES = What’s the tense? → what’s “be” in that tense? → what’s the past participle of the verb? Examples: - They make these pens in Italy → These pens are made in Italy. - Someone stole my bike last week → My bike was stolen last week. - They haven’t published the news → The news hasn't been published. - They are building a new school → A new school is being built. - They had found lots of structural damage in the old one → Lots of structural damage had been found in the old one. - They gave each winner a medal → A medal was given to each winner / Each winner was given a medal. - We must receive your payment by 31st December → Your payment must be received by 31st December. - Someone will meet you → You will be met (by someone). !!!!!!! ● People think he is very rich → It is thought that he is very rich. ● People know he was a criminal → It is known that he is a criminal. ● People believe he stole the money → It is believed that he stole the money / He is believed to have stolen the money. Sometimes with passives we use GET: - He gets paid (he is paid). - He got promoted (he’s been promoted). - We got taken for a ride in a Rolls Royce. CONDITIONALS 0) “If I drink grappa, I feel sick.” PRESENT SIMPLE + PRESENT SIMPLE → It’s a fact. 1) “If I drink this grappa, I’ll feel sick.” PRESENT SIMPLE + WILL/MAY/MIGHT → It’s a future possibility. 2) “If I drank your grappa, I’d feel sick.” PAST SIMPLE + WOULD → It’s an imaginary situation. 3) “If I had known it was your birthday last week, I would have bought you a gift.” / “If I had studied, I would have passed.” PAST PERFECT + WOULD (+ PAST PART.) → It’s a situation in the past.” + mix) “If I had bought those shoes yesterday (3), I’d wear them to the party. (2)” + “If you study (1), you would know this. (2)” + “If I earned more money (2), I would have bought that picture last week. (3)” WISH ● Sara smokes in the kitchen. This annoys me. : I wish she wouldn’t do that. ● I wish it would stop raining. ● I wish the would would come. = NO control on these situations! ● I live in a small flat → I wish I lived in a bigger one. ● I can’t swim → I wish I could swim.