Riassunto di inglese, Schemi e mappe concettuali di Inglese

Scarica Riassunto di inglese e più Schemi e mappe concettuali in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! DAFFODILS- WILLIAM WORDSWORTH (uomo-natura) Wordsworth was born in Cumbria, in the Lake District. He visited France in 1790 and supported republican ideas. he met Samuel Taylor Coleridge, with whom he worked together on "lyrical ballads". Wordsworth is considered one of the first English romantics as he emphasized the importance of feeling, instinct and pleasure. Wordsworth believed that poetry should be written in the natural language of common speech and rejected elaborate, refined form. Nature is regarded as an uncontrollable force that has dominated man's life. He argues that poetry should arouse emotion rather than dwell on poetic technique.The poet is inseparable from Nature, to which he belongs and which represents his main source of inspiration, joy and emotions. His content often lingered on the themes of childhood, the memory of childhood in adults. One of his masterpieces is "I Wandered Lonely Like a Cloud". This poem is a perfect example of Wordsworth's theory that poetry is a recollection in tranquility and that this task as a poet is to transform the commonplace into the extraordinary. The speaker recalls a past experience: he was walking alone like a cloud when he suddenly saw a cluster of daffodils beside a lake, in the Lake District. Solitude is presented as ‘bliss’ because in solitude he ‘meets’ the flowers during his walk, and forever in his memory. The choice of daffodils, which grow short and sturdy in rows everywhere in England, proves that nature can teach the poet how to be fully human even with its commonest objects. The language of the poem is as simple as its contents; a lot of words are concrete, mostly about the natural landscape. The only abstract words convey the feeling of joy, often repeated in the poem and associated with the spontaneous dance of the flowers. The last stanza is the most interesting for an understanding of Wordsworth's belief in the power of the natural and in how Nature can teach him to be a poet. The process underlines the vital role of memory for Wordsworth; it visualises past experiences and so new emotions are born, which lead to poetic creation. A CHRISTMAS CAROL- DICKENS (progresso) This sentence is taken from Dickens' poem: "a Christmas Carol”. We can insert it in the macro-theme of progress. Dickens usually belongs to the authors called early Victorians, but he seems to be less optimistic. The Victorian Age was a complex age, marked by political, social and religious unrest. Dickens wanted to focus the reader on the degradation of society, showing crimes, innocent victims and poverty. This type of novel is the so-called humanitarian novels. They were based on the assumption that the writer and his readers shared a common reality and that the novelist became the spokesman of society. Charles himself was forced to work 10 hours a day in the blacking factory as his father got into debt. The young Charles suffered 3 years of terrible loneliness but the lived experience, the places he went and the people he met would serve as material for his future work. According to Dickens, the best way to face and overcome social ills is precisely the moral rebirth of the individual. Dickens called his novel Carol, as a carol is a song or ballad of joy celebrating the birth of Christ. The story follows Scrooge, an old and stingy loan shark from London, who thinks only of money and hates Christmas. on Christmas Eve, Scrooge is visited by three spirits: the Spirit of Christmas Past, the Spirit of Christmas Present, and the Spirit of Christmas Future. These spirits show him the consequences of his selfish behavior and teach him the true meaning of Christmas. Deeply changed, Scrooge becomes a generous and loving man. Beyond simply exhorting his readers not to be stingy, Dickens seems to remind us of the importance of taking note of the lives of those around us. Another important theme derived from Dickens' observations was that of the children of the poor. He compares two of the grim realities of the Victorian society. The story has both a moral and an exemplary meaning, because Dickens wants to make people understand how, by doing something in one's own small way, one can get to the annulment of social evil and therefore to a better inner condition; and this must be born on a day of joy, like Christmas, and continue like a fire that never goes out. 'Winston' is a direct reference to Winston Churchill, while Smith is the most common English surname. Is a man who works in the Ministry of Truth, tasked with rewriting and manipulating history to fit the Party's narratives. Winston is miserable in his oppressive life and begins to secretly rebel against the regime. Winston enters an illicit relationship with Julia, another dissatisfied with society, and together they try to challenge control of the Party. However, they are discovered and brainwashed into party allegiance. By the end of the novel, Winston is completely subdued and loses all form of individuality and rebellion. The story emphasizes the themes of manipulation of power, loss of individual freedom and destruction of truth. FRANKESTEIN - MARY SHELLEY (conflitto/i) Mary Shelley, born in 1797. Mary's early years were influenced by a macabre Gothicism, after her mother died. His life was affected by various family deaths and traumas. Mary became an invalid at the age of 48. She died in 1851 of a brain tumour. Exclusion from society and from her father, helped her to produce her masterpiece: 'Frankenstein'. "Frankenstein" is an example og Gothic novel, where the atmosphere is as gloomy and dreary as the physical appearance of the monster itsel. The novel tells the story of a brilliant scientist, Victor Frankenstein, who discovers the secret to giving life to inanimate matter at the University. He decides to create a living being from corpse parts, but the creature he generates has supernatural strength and a horrible appearance, instilling fear and disgust in those who see it. Becoming increasingly lonely and miserable, the monster transforms into a destructive and murderous being that is beyond its creator's control. It is interesting that the creation of the monster from parts of different bodies reflects the construction of the text itself, which combines elements of different genres (horror, romance, science fiction) and styles (letters, philosophical or scientific tracts). "Frankenstein" is so much more than just a tale of terror. Explore complex themes such as ambition and scientific responsibility, loneliness, acceptance and the human condition. The novel had a lasting impact on literature and influenced the genre of gothic and science fiction. In Mary Shelley's novel "Frankenstein", conflict plays a central role in the plot and characterization of the characters. This is how the conflict manifests itself in the story: between Victor Frankenstein and his monster; Victor Frankenstein's Inner Conflict; Social conflict and monster alienation. Conflict, both external and internal, is a key element affecting the plot, character relationships and overall theme of "Frankenstein". It highlights the negative consequences of ambition and lack of scientific responsibility, as well as the implications of social exclusion and intolerance. THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY - OSCAR WILDE (bellezza) Oscar Wilde was a famous Irish writer, poet and playwright. Notoriously famous for his eccentric personality and sharp satirical wit. Wilde is considered one of the most important figures of the 19th century aesthetic movement. His most famous work is "The Picture of Dorian Gray". However, his career took a severe hit when he was jailed for "gross indecency" due to his sexual orientation. Wilde totally adopted "the aesthetic ideal", as he affirmed in one of his famous conversations: "My life is like a work of art”. The concept of "Art for Art's sake" was for him a moral and not a purely aesthetic imperative. He believed that only "Art as a cult of Beauty" could prevent the murder of the soul . Wilde perceived the artist as an alien in a materialistic world, he wrote only to please himself and did not bother to communicate his theories to his fellow men. His search for beauty and fulfillment was the tragic act of a superior being inevitably turned into an outcast. He affirmed in the Preface of his novel The Picture of Dorian Gray "There is no such thing as a moral or immoral book. Books are well written or badly written. That is all". In this way he rejected the didacticism that had characterised the Victorian novel in the first half of the century. "The Picture of Dorian Gray" is a novel written by Oscar Wilde and published in 1890. The story revolves around the protagonist, Dorian Gray, a charming and narcissistic young man who lives in Victorian London. Dorian Gray owns a portrait that portrays the beauty of him young and innocent of him. Initially, Dorian is fascinated by his ethereal beauty and wishes that the portrait would age instead of him, allowing him to keep his youth and beauty forever. As time passes, Dorian gets involved in the world of pleasures and excesses, allowing himself to be carried away by a life of immorality and sin. However, the studio portrait of him begins to show signs of his moral decay, showing an increasingly ugly and corrupt figure. As Dorian indulges in a life of vice, his portrait becomes increasingly warped and evil. Dorian tries to hide his portrait and his sins, but his conscience torments him. Finally, in the throes of remorse, Dorian decides to destroy the portrait, but when he does so, his own body ages and becomes corrupted, dying in an instant. The moral of this novel is that every excess must be punished and reality cannot be escaped; when Dorian destroys the picture, he cannot avoid the punishment for all his sins, that is, death. "The Picture of Dorian Gray" deals with themes such as beauty, sin, morality and corruption. The novel explores the obsession with eternal youth and highlights the destruction that can result from the unbridled pursuit of pleasure and moral indifference.