Riassunto inglese- Interior monologue, Joyce, Woolf, post-war drama, Schemi e mappe concettuali di Inglese

Scarica Riassunto inglese- Interior monologue, Joyce, Woolf, post-war drama e più Schemi e mappe concettuali in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! The interior monologue William James ( American psychologist) coined the phrase “stream of consciousness”= continuous flow of thoughts and sensations that characterize in the human mind. In 18th century there was already the introspection; in 19th century the characters where social beings with also individuals and moral and emotional in real life; the beginning of the 20th century importance of subjective consciousness was given by the writers → impossibility to reproduce the complexity of the human mind using traditional techniques Interior monologue​= verbal expression of a psychic phenomenon/ ​Stream of consciousness​= psychic phenomenon itself ⤵ ● verbal expression of psychic phenomenon ● lack of chronological order ● the narrator may be present ● lack of formal logical order ● the action takes place within the characters mind ● immediate speech, without introductory expressions 1. Indirect interior monologue ​The author is present within the generation,The character stays fixed in space while his/her consciousness move freely in a inner time 2. Interior monologue with two levels of narration ​One external to the characters mind, the other internal 3. Interior monologue with the mind level of narration ​The thoughts flow freely, not interrupted by external events 4. Extreme interior monologue ​The narration takes place inside the mind of the main character while he is dreaming James Joyce Dublin, 1882. Jesuit schools, graduated in modern languages in 1902. Rebel among rebels: those movements which had as their objective the freeing of Ireland from English dominance held very little attraction for him. Broader European culture, european rather than an Irishman. he believed that the only way to increase Ireland's awareness was by offering a realistic portrait of its life from a european, cosmopolitan viewpoint. Marriage with Nora Barnacle, they lived difficult years in Trieste (friendship with Svevo), then they lived in Zurich, end died in neutral Switzerland. He wrote 36 short poems, ​Chamber Music (1907), ​The Dubliners​ (1914) which had established him as a writer (Ulysses, pornographic, unwelcome notoriety) →he was almost blind, the sound of words was very important to him ➱​ordinary Dublin, ​hiss achievement was to give a realistic portrait of the life of ordinary people doing ordinary things; by portraying these ordinary lives, he succeeded in representing the whole of men's mental, emotional and theological reality, fusing it with the cultural heritage of modern civilization. ➱​the rebellion against church, ​ revolt of the artist-heretic against the official doctrine/struggle between aesthete-heretic and a provincial church settled in Irish minds/ conflict son-parents linked to the quest for his artistic potentialities. ➱​modernist writer, ​1.subjective perception of time 2.photographic realism caused in the inner world of the character 3.​in medias res ​4.different points of view simultaneously →​ impersonality of the artist influenced by Flaubert and Baudelaire,the artist task was to render life objectively in ↩ order to give back to the readers a true image of it (isolation from society). His style used to conform to the characters, he went from realism, to impressions and direct speech, epiphany… language ​broke down into a succession of words without punctuation or grammar connections; reality became the place of psychological projections THE DUBLINERS The oppressive effects of religious, political, and economic forces provided him the raw material for psychologically realistic picture of Dubliners as an afflicted people. (​Dublin centre of paralysis​) 15 shot stories → lack obvious action, disclose human situations ⇨ ​moral,social or spiritual elevation The Dead, ​the last story and his first masterpiece = summary and climax of Dubliners (hold with the other stories by the particular structure, same themes, symbols and narrative techniques) ● epiphany=key to the story The description is realistic and concise, with external details, even the most unpleasant. Realism mixed with symbolism function: take the reader beyond the usual aspects of life with the epiphany, “the sudden spiritual manifestation” caused by a trivial gesture that lead the character to a suddes self realization about himself or the reality around him ● paralysis physical (external forces) and moral (religion,politics and culture). They accept their condition bcs they’re not aware of it/bcs they’re weak and with no courage → extent slaves of their familiar. centre of Dubliners ⇨its revelation to its victims (awareness,self realization, failure to find a way out,enclosure,exile) narrative technique: perspective of a character, narrated monologue, direct presentation of characters thoughts,direct knowledge, varied linguistic register cause suits the age, the social class and the role of each character ULYSSES One single day Thursday June 16th 1904, three main characters wake up and have those encounters in Dublin. Leopold Bloom is the common man, he leaves his home at 8 to buy breakfast and returns finally at 2 the following morning. During his wanderings Bloom meets Stephen Dedalus (adopted son): common man rescues the artist from a brothel and the paralysis of their fatigue prevents them from achieving a personal communion. Molly (Bloom’s wife) plans an afternoon of adultery. ​relation to the Odyssey ​which is used as a structural framework for his book: three parts and 18 episodes 1. Telemachiad 2. Odyssey 3. Nostos Each chapter is additionally organised around a different hour,a colour,an organ of the body, a symbol and a narrative technique It was designed as an account of ordinary life on an ordinary Dublin day and he planned each movement of each character on the street as though he were playing chess.Dublin becomes itself a character in his novel. The representation of Human Nature 1. Stephen= maturity 2. Mrs Bloom= flesh 3. Mr Bloom= the whole of mankind the theme of the novel is moral: human life means suffering, falling but also struggling to rise and seek the good. → ​mythical method ​Psychology ethnology and anthropology progressive, to give a symbol a cross-temporal meaning to enlarge by resemblance and difference the actions and people (modern epic in ​prose​, new realism) the ​revolutionary prose ​is what really marks. Several methods, variety of matters, ‘collage technique’ quite similar to the techniques used by the cubist artists who depicted a scene from all perspectives. Puns, images, contrasts, paradoxes,interruptions, symbols; the range of vocabulary and registers is amazing. Virginia Woolf 1882. Her father was a Victorian man of letters, so she grew up in a literary and intellectual atmosphere, she had Greek lessons and, above all, access to her father's library where she read whatever she liked. She spent her summers at st. Ives, Cornwall and the sea remain central to her heart as a symbol. The second world war increased her anxiety and fears. Finally she could stand it no longer and drown herself in the river Ouse sea ​→ harmonious, feminine Possibility of the resolution of intolerable conflict in death 1895 mother’s death​: She was only 13, affected her deeply and brought about her first nervous breakdown She began to be in revolt against her father's aggressive and tyrannical character, and his idealisation of the domesticated woman. 1904 father’s death​: She could starte her own life and literary career → ​Bloomsbury group ​writers, artists and thinkers with the common denominators of a contempt for traditional morality, a rejection of artistic convention and a disdain for bourgeois sexual codes. They defined the social, political and the creative concerns of the coming mid century 1915 The voyage out - her first novel, still followed traditional pattern. At this time she entered a nursing home and attempted suicide by taking drugs 1925 Mrs. Dalloway - new narrative techniques followed by (1927) To the Lighthouse and (1928) Orlando 1925 The common reader - shows her talent as a literary critic and brilliant essayist 1929 A room of one’s own - from two lectures in Cambridge, work of great impact on the ‘60 and ‘70 feminist movement 1931 The waves - She seemed to recognise that there was a link between her creative process and her illness Was interested in giving voice to the complex inner word of feeling and memory and conceived the human personality as a continuous shift of impressions and emotions.The events that traditionally made up a story were no longer important to her, what mattered was the impression that they made on the characters who experienced them ↓ modernist novel Point of view shifted inside the characters minds through flashbacks, associations of ideas, impressions presented as a continuous flux