Scarica Pre-Celtic Britain to the Battle of Hastings: A Historical Overview e più Sintesi del corso in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! PRE CELTIC BRITAIN Six thousand years ago bretain was already inabited. The population begame to burn and cut down the forest, to grow cereals for example WHEAT, BARLEY or OATS and to breed CATTLE, PIGS and SHEEP. After they built ritual sites for cerimonies (stonage) During the bronze age started metal working and munufacturing. THE CELTS Around 700bc( seven unded bisi) the celts begame to arrive from northwest germany. The celts were tall and muscolare, with fair skin, blue eyes and blond hair. They were farmers, hunters, fisherman and metal workers; they introduced the IRON PLOUGH The celts built massive hill which they used to protect themeselves. Women were almost equal to man; they could choose the men they wanted to marry. The DRUIDS were the celt’s priests. They were important not only in religion but also justice, education and medicine. The celts worshipped the natural element infact they considered water a holy element. THE ROMANS Julius caesar led a roman invasion of britain but the country was later conquared by claudius They were attracted by THE RICH AGRICOLTURE,TIN AND LEAD AND THE AVAILABITY OF SLAVES. The romans built roads that made travel easier. Many towns were originally army camps. The romans brought their culture, the latin language and cristianity to britain. Roman control of britain came to an and as soldiers were whitdrown to defend rome againsts the barbarian raiders. THE ANGLO SAXONS Over the course of the 5th and 6th centuries the british were overwhelmed by jutes,angles and saxons. They settled south of hadrians wall because they were looking farming land Their society was founded to clan, and the centre of communal life was the wall, which was the place where they gathered and swore lovelty to the chiefs in a return for their protection. Cristanisation The roman introduced cristianity to britain and anglo-saxon reintroduced pagan valve. Augustine’s mission of cristianisation was succesfull When the cathedral of canterbury was founded, augustine became the first and most important arcibishop of canterbury. In this period england joined europe’s ecclesiastic culture. Monasters were important cultural centres. Then eas founded from monks the illuminated Gospel. Than was founded a new monastery were was written “ the ecclesiastical history of the english people” THE DANES The danes were sea people they crossed the Atlantic on their longships looking for treasure cattle and slaves. They setup colonies round the coasts of europe. By the early years of the 9th century the viking invasion of Britain became an occupation. Their language lended with that of the local population. When day reached wessex, they met with opposition from king ethelred and his brother Alfred. When ethelred died alfred became king of wessex. He defead the danes at the battle edington. He reorganised the army. He build for presses and planned an navy with longship. He established is capital at wichester. Curch schools were opened and a new legal code was created. When alfred diedi s grandson athelstan succeded the throne. Athelstan created a kingdom by establinshing the idea of royal autority law and coinage. There were a lot of invasions that caused the collapse of saxon england. At the famouse battle of hastings harold was kill and anglosasson were conquered by the normans THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS William was the king of normandy, He had a rule.He gave his leads to his barons and they in return military service. In the 1066 William called his army to the slain the English crown. His army has 300 men, and the formed a shell with their shields. In the end of the battle, Harold was hit in the eye by an arrow and he killed by a Norman , the anglo-saxons escaped and the normans declared victory. This battle was recored in a tapestry in France . William was elected William I in Westminister Abbey on Christmas day. THE CONSEQUENSE OH THE INVASION 1066 is the most important date in English history, because it brought a political, social and commercial trasformaction. The Conquest cancelled the English ruling class because many anglo-saxons died in the battle . The English hight clergy were changed by Italian churchman . In the new feudal system, the France barons paid the rent for the land in return military service. The barons built the castle and sub-let their land to the knights in return the barons a military service. William the Conqueror was the most important long oh the land , they power was demonstrated by domesday book , the was a list of the different types oh lands and animals. The most important language was the french for nobles and English remained the language for the communal people Pag 38/39 THE DEVELOPMENT OF POETRY Anglo-saxon literature Anglo-saxon literature was anonymous and oral. The poetry called a SCOP. They were often accompained by a harp during the cerimonies that were held in the hall of kings. Anglo- saxon poetry initially passed by word of mouth and was then written by church clerks
