Riassunto THE AGE OF ANXIETY (amazing minds) e appunti, Sintesi del corso di Inglese

Scarica Riassunto THE AGE OF ANXIETY (amazing minds) e appunti e più Sintesi del corso in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! HISTORICAL AND SOCTAL BACKGROUND THE AGE OF ANXIETY e 1901 Edward VII succeeded his mother, Victoria, when you was 59. He had been the prince of Wales for longer than any other prince before him. during his mother's long reign, he had been excluded from political power and had enjoyed a life of pleasure and traveling. as a king he modernized the fleet and the army and became a popular public figure. He cultivated good relationships with other European Countries, with the exception of the emperor of Germany. His reign ended in 1910 and it is known as the Edwardian age. ° 1910 George V became king in May 1910 on the death of his father Edward VII. 1906-1918 The general elections held in 1906 which brought the victory to the Liberal party, had a very high tumout: 83% actually voted. However, out of a population of over 30 million people, only 7 million were electors. only 60% of adult men had the right to vote and no women could vote. for this reason the women's social and political union was formed in Manchester in 1903 by a small group of women known as the suffragettes. vomen demanded the right to vote and to take full part in the democratic process. immediately after the war the representation of the people act of 1918 finally granted the voting rights to all women over 30 who were property owners. In 1928 the franchise was extended to women over 21 on the same terms as those for men. è 1914-1918 The causes that led to the first world war were the rivalry between Austria and Russia for influence in the Balkans, the rivalry between Britain and Germany for a commercial and naval supremacy, the long-standing animosity between France and Germany after the Franco German war of 1817. France and Germany sought to strengthen themselves with allies, Germany forming the triple alliance with Austria-Hungary and Italy and France making an alliance with Russia. When the German emperor began to build up his own navy, the British Prime Minister Balfour negotiated an Entente Cordiale with France, agreeing that each country would support the other in case of attack by a third party. the agreement became the triple entente and when Russia joined them in 1907. The immediate cause of the Great war was the assassination of the Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo by Jugoslav nationalist Gavrilo Prinzip in June 1914. This led to a diplomatic crisis throughout Europe. Germany's invasion of neutral Belgium and Luxembourg and its march on France obliged Britain to step in and to defend Belgium and king George V declared war on Germany in 1914. Italy entered the war on May 24, 1915 siding with the Triple Entente. Germany was finally defeated one year later on 11 November 1918. six hours after the armistice was signed. This was followed by the Peace treaty signed in Paris in 1919. e 1916 The British government had promised home rule to Ireland in the early years of the new century, but with the outbreak of the great war this question was postponed. A group of rebels of the national party, impatient with Britain and unwilling in many cases to fight for Britain in the great war, took decisive action. On Easter Monday 1916 they staged the Easter rising in Dublin. The rebels took control of some of the central buildings in the capital city and proclaimed the Irish Republican republic. The British forces quelled the rebellion. This led to the creation of Irish free state in 1922. This process also led to the partition of the island as the six countries of Ulster. ® 1926 After the first World War England fell into economic and industrial decline. In 1926, due to the increase of working hours in mines and the reduction of workers' pay, the Trades Union Congress announced a general strike. The miners were defeated, the TUC was ruined and in 1927 Trade Disputes Act made strikes illegal. ° 1929 Britain and other countries of Europe were also hit by the Great Depression which followed the Wall Street Crash in October 1929.Lots of people in Britain were unemployed, mainly in the industrial towns of the north, south Wales and central Scotland. e 1931 The Balfour Declaration was declared in 1931.The British Government recognised the complete independence of the self-governing dominions and their equality with Great Britain under the crown. But India was declared independent from 1947.The British Nationality Act of 1948 granted subjects of the British Commonwealth The right to live and work in the UK. e Theriseof totalitarianism The first world war led to the creation of fascist and totalitarian political movements in Italy, Germany and Spain. e The Windsors Edward VIII, the son of George V, succeeded him and announced his marriage with an american divorcee, Wallis Simpson. Opposition from all the political parties forced him to abdicate in favour of his brother, George VI. è 1939-1945 In Britain The prime Minister Neville Chamberlain was reluctant to involve the nation in another war and did not react to the Italian invasion of Abyssinia and the German annexation of Austria. Chamberlain flew to Germany for talks with Hitler in September 1938 and was prepared to sacrifice Czechoslovakia to Germany. The German invasion of Poland on1 September 1939 finally pushed the Prime Minister into action and Britain declared war on Germany. The war saw the allied powers (France, Britain, Russia and the US) against the Axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan). In April 1940, Germany invaded Norway and Denmark and in May Chamberlain was replaced by Winston Churchill. The war spread into a global conflict., with Japan's attack on Pearl Harbour in 1941 bringing the Usa in the conflict. The Allies finally achieved victory in Europe on ( May 1945, followed by victory in Japan after the atomic bombs launched on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.