Scarica ricerca in inglese su guerra due rose, dinastia tudor e mogli enrico 8 e più Guide, Progetti e Ricerche in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! The Wars of the Roses were a series of civil wars that took place in England during the 15th century, primarily between the rival houses of Lancaster and York. The conflict was named after the symbols used by each house, the red rose for Lancaster and the white rose for York. The roots of the Wars of the Roses can be traced back to the reign of King Edward III, whose descendants formed two competing branches for the English throne. The Lancastrian claim was based on the fact that Henry IV, a descendant of Edward III's third son John of Gaunt, had usurped the throne from Richard II in 1399. On the other hand, the Yorkist claim came from the descendants of Edward III's fourth son, Edmund of Langley, Duke of York. The wars began in 1455 when the Duke of York, Richard Plantagenet, challenged the authority of the Lancastrian King Henry VI. This led to a series of battles and political maneuvering as both sides sought to gain control of the crown. The conflict was characterized by shifting allegiances, with nobles and factions switching sides based on personal and political interests. The early years of the wars saw several Yorkist victories, including the Battle of Towton in 1461, which resulted in Edward, Duke of York, becoming Edward IV and establishing the Yorkist dynasty. However, Henry VI was briefly restored to the throne in 1470-1471 after the intervention of the exiled Lancastrian queen, Margaret of Anjou, and her allies. The final phase of the Wars of the Roses took place between 1471 and 1485. It culminated in the Battle of Bosworth Field, where Henry Tudor, a Lancastrian claimant with support from disaffected Yorkists, defeated and killed King Richard III, the last Yorkist king. Henry Tudor then ascended the throne as Henry VII, establishing the Tudor dynasty. The Wars of the Roses had a significant impact on English history. They resulted in the end of the Plantagenet dynasty and the beginning of the Tudor dynasty, which lasted until the death of Elizabeth I in 1603. The conflict also led to a decline in the power of the nobility and the centralization of royal authority. Additionally, it created a legacy of dynastic instability and political intrigue, shaping the subsequent Tudor period. Here's an outline of the Tudor dynasty: Henry VII (1485-1509) The Battle of Bosworth Field and ascension to the throne Consolidation of power and establishment of the Tudor dynasty Marriages and alliances to strengthen his position Economic and administrative reforms Exploration and expansion of England's influence Death and succession by his son, Henry VIII Henry VIII (1509-1547) Early reign and consolidation of power Marriages and controversies Divorce from Catherine of Aragon and marriage to Anne Boleyn Break from the Roman Catholic Church and establishment of the Church of England Dissolution of the monasteries and redistribution of wealth Political and religious changes Suppression of rebellions and uprisings Protestant Reformation and religious reforms Foreign policy and wars Wars with France and Scotland Alliance with Spain through marriage to Catherine of Aragon Legacy and succession by his son, Edward VI . Edward VI (1547-1553) Minority reign and regency Introduction of Protestant reforms Illness and early death, leading to the disputed succession Lady Jane Grey (1553) Brief and disputed reign as a result of the disputed succession Overthrown and imprisoned after Mary I's successful claim to the throne Mary I (1553-1558) Reestablishment of Roman Catholicism and persecution of Protestants Marriage to Philip II of Spain and failed attempt to produce an heir Failed military campaigns and loss of Calais Death and succession by her half-sister, Elizabeth I
