Storia dell'Inghilterra dal 1600 al 1700, Appunti di Inglese

Scarica Storia dell'Inghilterra dal 1600 al 1700 e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! '600 --> da p. 190 a 196 Charles I When James I died in 1625 He was the succeeded by its on charts. He was a firm believer in the divine rights of kings and he refused to come to terms with his parliament. when the parliament refused to grant him subsidies for a war with France, the king tried to raise money illegally and by forced loans. Obviously the money wasn't enough and he was he was forced to summon the Parliment again in 1628. It will grant him money in just one condiJon: he had to accept the peJJon of rights which claimed that no man was to pay any tax without Parliament approval and no man was to be imprisoned and arbitrarily. The discord between the House of Parliament and the King became even more biOer so Charles dissolved the assembly and ruled the country by it's own for 11 years. In 1648 summoned Parliement to raise taxes for a war with Scotland but it lasted for only one month because he would not tolerate the opposiJon; but aSer only six months licking was force to summon it again. However this Parliament, not only refused to grant funds, it also set about sweeping away all form of personal rule. They secured their posiJon with an Act: they could not be dissolved without their own consent. The Parliament also asked the King to renounce all control over military and religious affairs, he aOempted to arrest four Parliamentarians but he failed and he had to flee to the north of the country. The Civil War (1642-1649) Many members of the old aristocracy were Anglican and sided with the King's; on the other side the Parliamentarians were mainly Puritan and supported by the middle class, and by towns and ciJes. The angry Parliamentarians formed an army under their leader Oliver Cromwell; they eventually defeated the king's army and, only in January 1649, he was beheaded. Oliver Cromwell He was the leader of the Puritan RevoluJon, he was an english soldier and a fanaJcal Puritan. ASer the execuJon of the King, England was proclaimed a Commonwealth, basically a Republic. In the meanJme the decision to execute the king of provoked royalJes reacJon in Ireland and Scotland: in 1649 Cromwell took his troops to Ireland where he massacred Protestant and Catholic in a campaign which can be termed as genocide. In 1650 the Scots aOempted to invade England and place this son of the executed king on the throne but Cromwell defeated them as well. ASer only four years the army gave him powers of a the king who ruled over the three kingdoms of England, Ireland and Scotland. His Protectorate depended on the presence of a huge army and a large navy. he also started an aggressive forgiven policy, with the words against Holland and Spain. The Puritan republic soon became an oppressive regime and the Puritan parliamentary soldiers wanted to create a godly society. All type of entertainment, like theaters, were considered immoral. Cromwell was succeeded by his son Richard but he was not at the same level as his father and he abdicated only eight months later. The Republiv slowly fell apart and soon the Presbyterians who were with the parliamentary side in the Civil War were now in favor of restoraJon of the Stuarts and understood the importance of role of the Parliament. Restora3on --> p. 194 the return of the Stuarts Charles II, who was exiled to France, returned to the throne, and one of his first acts of the new King was to take revenge on the man that was responsible for his father execuJon. They made it clear that the restoraJon was about the parliament as well as the monarchy and an in order to prevent the king from being able to seOle our government as Charles I had done. The Test Act of 1673 recognize the king as the head of the church of England and also prohibited all the other religious services and exploded all Catholics and dissenters from public offices. The restoraJon led to a social change including the opening of theaters and new interests in music, art and science. However the early years of Charles II's reign saw London suffer two terrible events: In 1665 Great Plague broke out and killed more than 100,000 Londoners; in 1666 the Great Fire burnt for four days destroying two third of the city. When Charles the second leader in 1685 with knowledge in a legiJmate here to the throne his brother James became king. Although James was a Catholic but his daughter, Mary Stuart had married the Protestant Prince William of Orange and had converted to protestanJsm. In the meanJme James and Asana and naJon was the Alamo Nevada successor to the throne would be another Catholic. William, encouraged by English protestants wings, raised an army and landed in England; James fled abroad. William and Mary were crowned king and queen of England in the water is known as the Glorious RevoluJon. However they had to sign the bill of rights which limited the power of the king are in favor of parliament and established a consJtuJonal monarchy. queen Anne William and Mary had no children and Mary's sister Anne came to the throne. The War of Spanish succession broke out and it was fought to prevent Louis XIV from gaining control of the vast Spanish empire at the death of its Spanish monarch. England was allied with all London Prussia against France, Spain and Portugal. Also during Anne's reign England and Scotland were united into the United Kingdom of Great Britain (1707). '700 --> da p. 197 a 199 The Augustan Age When the queen Anna died in 1714 the Whig poliJcian proclaimed king George I who was a German that spoke no English and didn't like England. It was also created the posiJon of the Prime Minister. During is reign Britain took part in a series of internaJonal wars. Society was changing and it was becoming more fluid than in the past. Were insJtuted the public coffee houses which became the center of social life, as it was conJnue circulaJon of ideas between member of the middle class. It was a period of wealth and richness: the main concept were the poliJcal stability; the self confidence as people could make their own business; free will and thought; opJmism; desire of balance and symmetry. puritans --> p. 248 249 + appun3 History of the United States it's close near related to the hystory of the Puritans, a group of protestant dissenters rejected the authority of the church of England and believe that the church needed to be spiritually purified. In the 17th century many English Puritans were expelled from England and traveled to North America, where they founded new colonies. They believed that God wanted them to live following the Scriptures; also that the religion and poliJcs were strictly interconnected; also they thought that man's work is done primarily for God.