Scarica Storia dell'Inghilterra: dal Rinascimento alla dinastia Stuart e più Schemi e mappe concettuali in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! HENRY 7 He was the first monarch of the Tudor dynasty, under his rule, England enjoyed a long period of peace and prosperity: the state administration was reorganized and the mercant fleet was created. H. also laid the foundation of English Humanism. He has all the characteristics necessary for a prince: he was a soldier,poet, musician and a horseman. The support to the Catholic, againist Martin Luther, proclaimed defensor fidei (defender of the faith). Things chanced when Pope Clement 7 refused the divorce of H. from Catherine of Aragon, to marry Anne Boleyn. With the Act of Supremacy the Church of England was declared indipendent so the King became Head of the Church. The mercantile and commercial middle classes tender to favour Protestantism: the England puts herself againist the Catholic power of Europe(France,Spain). Thomas More, the great humanist and the author of Utopia, refused to recognize the ecclesiastic supremacy of the king, so he was beheaded in 1535. EDWARD 6 and MARY I Radical protestantism was strong under E. This led to a Catholic reaction under M. She was known as “Bloody Mary” for her intolerance in religiosus matter. Infact there were the first persecution of Catholics and Protestants. ELIZABETH I When the daughter of Henry 6, E. came to the throne, the country needed a period of peace to resist the threat of the Catholic enemies. She was able to bring the England from the Catholicism to Protestantism to ensure the stability. She wanted to control the immense markets and she encouraged the expansion of the navy. England was also sending ships to the American coats to fight againist the Spanish ships of Philip II, whose fleet, named “Invincible Armada”, sank cause of the light England ships. England’s victory increased her prestige in Europe. STUART DYNASTYjames charles When E. died, the throne of England went to JAMES 6 OF SCOTLAND (James I), who believed in divine right of kings. English Catholics organized the Gunpowder Plot , so called because they tried to blow up the king and the Parliament, the plot was luckly denounced. Meanwhile the persecuted Puritans were leaving the country and sailed to America on The Mayflower (a group called “Pilgrim Fathers” ). James I’s successor and son, Charles I dissolved Parliament and ruled the country as an absolute monarch. Then he called The Long Parlament who asked to C. to accept radical proposals for reform. It was the beginning of the English Civil War. After that England was a Parliamentary republic, called the COMMONWEALTH . CROMWELL get the rule and he was given the title of Lord Protector. He did many victorious military campaigns againist Scotland, Ireland and Holland, but he closed the theatres for their supposed immorality, this was very resented by a nation that was so proud of its great drama. Reinassance R. is a term of French origin meaning ‘rebirth of classical literature” which it had been neglected. The R. Is the development of man’s capacities. The Humanism (NEW LEARNING) was estabilished in grammar school and in the two universities of Oxford and Cambridge. Francis Bacon is a great rapresented of the H., he introduced the inductive method (which from particular facts formed general truths). Also the Church changed, it was based on a interior conscience and on individual reading of the Bible. Thomas Hobble said “the universal is corporeal, all that is real is material, and what is not material is not real”. Modern English It was during the Reinaissance that the English language is called M.E., thanks of 3 factors: The printing press The develope of popular education Diffusion of means of communication The English language to became the predominant language: Had to be accepted in fields where Latin was more used (science, law, philosophy, Utopia) Had to estabilish a uniform ortography (words were spelt in one way only and not in many different ways) The vocabulary had to be enriched. English became more popular than Latin. SPELLING: English spelling seemed chaotic : so its vocabulary had been enormously enriched by loans from Latin and a lot of translations. Renaissance poetry sonnet
