Storia dell'Inghilterra: dalla restaurazione all'età augustea, Appunti di Inglese

Scarica Storia dell'Inghilterra: dalla restaurazione all'età augustea e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! The restoration and the Augustan Age Restoration of the monarchy Charles second had spent his exile in France and when the monarchy was restored in 1660 He came back to England and he established a court devoted to pleasure (theaters, taverns, fashion, gossip..). As regards home policy, both nobles and Gentry resumed the leadership of society and the newly elected Parliament, the Cavalier Parliament, in 1661. It ordered the bodies of the regicides, including Cromwell, to be exhumed and hanged. A series of acts were passed, like The Corporation Act(1661), which excluded the dissenters from Public offices; the Act of Uniformity(1662), which impose the use of the book of Common Prayer and the Test Act(1673), which required all public and toys to conform to the Church of England. In 1665 There was a devastating outbreak of bubonic plague and in 1666 the Great Fire of London destroyed the 9/10 of the building within the city’s Medieval walls. From the glorious revolution to Queen Anne In January 1689 William and Mary became joint monarchs of William III and Mary II at the request of Parliament. A Revolution had taken place as the monarch had been chosen by Parliament not by divine right. Because this Revolution succeeded without any fighting it was known as the “bloodless” or “Glorious” Revolution. The Early Hanoverians 54 years old George I spoke little English And spent most of his reign in Hanover, so he had to rely upon a cabinet ( Council of top ministers) → Two parties, the Whigs and the Tories. The political debate was extended to an intellectual elite, corruption in politics and Society was subject to the wit and satire of Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift and William Hogarth. Liberal thought found expression in the philosophy of John Locke and George Berkeley. Coffee houses in town were places for social and professional networking(sharing information) and also for the discussion of ideas, as they circulated the latest periodicals and pamphlets . The new middle classes enjoyed greater social mobility, whereas poverty and hunger drove people to commit petty crime and to drink gin. The age of Reason 18th century= England”s golden age.==> political stability, power, cultural innovation, public debate + rejection of extremism= no fanaticism, verbal violence and superstition + The spectator, a newspaper, made politeness fashionable with news, literature, conversation and exhortation Role of women English women were more independent (in social/cultural life). Some of the even started writing as a career (Alpha Behn). Thanks to women writers/readers novels beame the most distinctive genre of the period. A survey of Augustan literature Reading as an occupation had been limited by the low level of the literature. Frames/laborers= illiterate. In towns: literacy limited to few school Books were a luxury—> lower classe e couldn’t afford